1,721,021 research outputs found
Human–wildlife conflict: socio–ecological factors influencing livestock predations and agricultural damages
Full text linkCharacterization and mitigation of puma-livestock conflicts in central Argentina
Full text linkThe puma Puma concolor is the most widespread top predator and one of the most controversial carnivores in Argentina. It occurs from the high-altitude deserts of the Andes to tropical and subtropical forests, and from the Pampas grasslands to the Patagonian steppe (Nowell and Jackson 1996). The natural prey base of Argentinean puma populations formerly included vicuña (Vicugna vicugna), guanaco (Lama guanicoes), Patagonian huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus),taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis), Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus), rheas (Rhea americana and R. pennata), Plain viscachas (Lagostomus maximus), Mountain viscachas (Lagidium viscacia), Patagonian hare (Dolichotis patagonum), and capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). In the southernmost part of the country large native prey still comprise the bulk of puma diets (Zanón et al. 2012); however, during the last two centuries, hunting of wild prey and conversion of natural habitat into ranches and farms increased conflicts with humans and predation on livestock (Novaro et al. 2000, Walker and Novaro 2010).Fil: Luengos Vidal, Estela Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Guerisoli, Maria de Las Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Caruso, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Franchini, Marcello. No especifica;Fil: McDonald, Zara. No especifica;Fil: Lucherini, Mauro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentin
Exploring the ecology of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) using the first telemetry data collected in Italy
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cortisol in hair: a comparison between wild and feral cats in the north-eastern Alps
Full text linkThe quantification of glucocorticoid metabolites in hair is a non-invasive tool that provides important information regarding the endocrine status and represents a valuable method for studying potential stressors that may affect carnivores under both natural and non-natural conditions. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland axis and is considered a standard stress indicator for animal welfare. The current study aimed to compare cortisol levels extracted from hair of both dead, frozen European wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris) and living feral individuals (Felis silvestris catus) living in different environmental conditions. The results obtained revealed that wild individuals exhibited a significantly (p < 0.001) higher cortisol concentration (n = 15, mean ± SD = 8.91 ± 4.48 pg/mg) than feral ones (n = 10, mean ± SD = 3.57 ± 1.25 pg/mg), probably as a result of both the physiological and/or environmental factors to which each subspecies was subject. This is the first study in which cortisol concentrations have been compared within the Felis silvestris subspecies, thus enriching the scarce information available for the Felidae. Nevertheless, further research is needed to better understand the various physiological and ecological factors affecting the adrenocortical activity of species or populations living in different environmental contexts
BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS) AND GREY WOLF (CANIS LUPUS) BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY AND INTERACTIONS WITH LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES IN FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA (NORTH-EASTERN ITALY): THE ROLE OF NATURA 2000 AREAS
Full text linkThe role of Natura 2000 Areas (N2A) for species conservation has been frequently considered, despite the results obtained are sometimes controversial. The role of such areas is even more important for those most conflictive protected species (i.e., large predators) whose survival is compromised due to conflict with livestock systems. The depletion of apex predators has led to the disruption of ecological processes at a global level. Using data collected from both invasive and non-invasive monitoring methods along with predation data, the present work aimed to assess the role of N2A for both wolves and bears conservation in the north-eastern Italian Alps. The results obtained are species-biased based on the monitoring method used. Hair traps and GPS radiolocations revealed that the majority of bear observations occurred outside N2A. Contrarywise, wolf signs of presence recorded were frequently detected within N2A. The highest number of predation events was recorded outside N2A. Nevertheless, a considerable amount in terms of number of animals killed per event was recorded in lowland areas falling within N2A, where the presence of a stable wolf pack was confirmed. Our work showed poor evidence regarding the relation between N2A and large carnivores’ presence in the north-eastern Italian Alps. However, we caution managers to consider our results as conclusive as the role of such areas, especially in terms of dispersal movements and species conservation, requires further considerations
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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