412 research outputs found
NANOmetric BIO-Banked MSC-Derived Exosome (NANOBIOME) as a Novel Approach to Regenerative Medicine
No full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their great potential in clinical applications. In fact, MSCs can differentiate into several cell lineages and show paracrine behavior by releasing endogenous factors that stimulate tissue repair and modulate local immune response. Each MSC type is affected by specific biobanking issues-technical issues as well as regulatory and ethical concerns-thus making it quite tricky to safely and commonly use MSC banking for swift regenerative applications. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a group of 150⁻1000 nm vesicles that are released by budding from the plasma membrane into biological fluids and/or in the culture medium from varied and heterogenic cell types. EVs consist of various vesicle types that are defined with different nomenclature such as exosomes, shedding vesicles, nanoparticles, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. Ectosomes, micro- and nanoparticles generally refer to the direct release of single vesicles from the plasma membrane. While many studies describe exosomes as deriving from multivesicular bodies, solid evidence about the origin of EVs is often lacking. Extracellular vesicles represent an important portion of the cell secretome. Their numerous properties can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic uses, so EVs are considered to be innovative and smart theranostic tools. The aim of this review is to investigate the usefulness of exosomes as carriers of the whole information panel characterizing the use of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Our purpose is to make a step forward in the development of the NANOmetric BIO-banked MSC-derived Exosome (NANOBIOME).</p
Cigarette cues capture attention of smokers and never-smokers, but for different reasons
No full textBACKGROUND:
While the notion that smokers reliably show higher reactivity to cigarette-related versus neutral cues is both theoretically and empirically supported, it is unclear why never-smokers also show enhanced brain responses to cigarette-related cues.
METHODS:
Using a repetitive picture viewing paradigm, in which responses evoked by affective cues are more resistant to habituation, we assessed the effects of stimulus repetition on event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by pleasant, unpleasant, cigarette-related, and neutral images in 34 smokers (SMO) and 34 never-smokers (NEV). We examined the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the late positive potential (LPP), two ERP components which are sensitive to a picture's motivational qualities.
RESULTS:
Before stimulus repetition, pleasant, unpleasant, and cigarette-related cues produced greater EPN and LPP amplitudes than neutral cues in all subjects. During stimulus repetition, both components were similarly modulated by emotional arousal, such that pleasant, unpleasant, and cigarette-related cues evoked greater EPN and LPP amplitude, relative to neutral. Smoking status did not modulate these effects. While there were no group differences in self-reported stimulus ratings of valence for pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral stimuli, NEV rated cigarette-related cues as unpleasant. We observed a moderate, negative correlation between LPP amplitude and self-reported valence ratings of cigarette-related cues among NEV.
CONCLUSIONS:
These data suggest that cigarette-related cues capture attentional resources of both SMO and NEV, but for different reasons. For SMO, cigarette-related cues have acquired motivational significance through repeated associations with nicotine delivery, whereas for NEV, cigarette-related cues are perceived as unpleasant
Proximal aneurysmal neck: dynamic ECG-gated CT angiography--conformational pulsatile changes with possible consequences for endograft sizing
No full textTo assess the magnitude of variations in size of the proximal neck of the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in patients selected to undergo endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) and the potential effect on choice of endograft diameter by using 64-section dynamic electrocardiographically (ECG)-gated computed tomographic (CT) angiography
Mobility of volatile-bearing magmas in oxidised planetesimals: implications for CO2 loss and storage during accretion
No full textStrategic Tools in Regenerative and Translational Dentistry.
No full textHuman oral-derived stem cells can be easily obtained from several oral tissues, such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament, from gingiva, or periapical cysts. Due to their differentiation potential, oral-derived mesenchymal stem cells are promising for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The regenerative ability showed by some oral tissues strongly depends on their sleeping adult stem cell populations that are able to repair small defects and to manage local inflammation. To date, researchers are working on effective and efficient methods to ensure safe and predictable protocols to translate stem cell research into human models. In the last decades, the challenge has been to finally use oral-derived stem cells together with biomaterials or scaffold-free techniques, to obtain strategic tools for regenerative and translational dentistry. This paper aims to give a clear point of view on state of the art developments, with some exciting insights into future strategies
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: The Most Important Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
No full textPotential Use of Human Periapical Cyst-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hPCy-MSCs) as a Novel Stem Cell Source for Regenerative Medicine Applications
No full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attracting growing interest by the scientific community due to their huge regenerative potential. Thus, the plasticity of MSCs strongly suggests the utilization of these cells for regenerative medicine applications. The main issue about the clinical use of MSCs is related to the complex way to obtain them from healthy tissues; this topic has encouraged scientists to search for novel and more advantageous sources of these cells in easily accessible tissues. The oral cavity hosts several cell populations expressing mesenchymal stem cell like-features, furthermore, the access to oral and dental tissues is simple and isolation of cells is very efficient. Thus, oral-derived stem cells are highly attractive for clinical purposes. In this context, human periapical cyst mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) exhibit characteristics similar to other dental-derived MSCs, including their extensive proliferative potential, cell surface marker profile and the ability to differentiate into various cell types such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and neurons. Importantly, hPCy-MSCs are easily collected from the surgically removed periapical cysts; this reusing of biological waste guarantees a smart source of stem cells without any impact on the surrounding healthy tissues. In this review, we report the most interesting research topics related to hPCy-MSCs with a newsworthy discussion about the future insights. This newly discovered cell population exhibits interesting and valuable potentialities that could be of high impact in the future regenerative medicine applications
Open surgical treatment of total occlusions of the abdominal aorta
No full textObjectives: To analyze the perioperative results and
long-term follow-up of open surgery among patients with
a total chronic occlusion of the abdominal aorta.
Material and methods: The data from 87 consecutive
patients treated by open surgery for a total occlusion of
the abdominal aorta in our center between 1998 and
2018 were collected prospectively. Thirty-nine patients
presented a distal infrarenal aortic occlusion and 48 a proximal juxta/suprarenal occlusion. A thrombosed infrarenal
aneurysm was associated in five cases. In eight cases a
previous endovascular approach failed. 48 patients had
an aorto-bifemoral bypass, 15 patients had a thrombo-endarterectomy and an enlargement angioplasty, and 24 patients had an extra-anatomical bypass (including 20
cases with axillo-bifemoral bypass and four cases of thoraco-bifemoral bypass). A suprarenal clamping was necessary in 28 cases (32.2%) of abdominal aortic surgery. Two
cases required an aorto-renal bypass for aortic lesions
extending up to the ostium of a renal artery. One case
required a bypass to treat a preexistent occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery.
Results: Perioperative morbidity included cardiac (3.4%)
and respiratory (2.3%) complications, as well as acute
impaired renal function (2.3%). The significant renal complications were reported only in case of suprarenal crossclamping. After an average follow-up of 74 months we
observed primary and secondary patency rates of 94.3%,
92% and 88.5% at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively.
In the cases treated by thrombo-endarterectomy and
enlargement angioplasty there was no arterial thrombosis.
In the patients with a preoperative renal malperfusion we
observed an improvement of the renal function and of the
control of arterial hypertension or visceral ischemic symptomatology in all the cases.
Conclusion: Open surgical treatment of the total occlusions of the abdominal aorta offers an acceptable rate
of mortality and morbidity and an excellent long term
patency especially in the cases of direct aortic surgery.
In the event of a proximal obstruction the need for a suprarenal clamping and repair of the renal arteries is often
necessary
A Rare Case of Dysplastic Axillary Artery Aneurysm Associated with Arteriovenous Malformation
No full textBackground: Axillary artery aneurysms are rare conditions, and their causes are various. They can determine severe complications, so the treatment is extremely important. Methods: We report the case of a young man affected by a saccular axillary artery aneurysm associated with intramuscular arteriovenous malformation, without symptoms except for the presence of a pulsatile mass. Duplex scan and computed tomography scan have been essential for a correct diagnosis and planning of the treatment. At first, the patient was submitted to coil embolization of an efferent vessel, and then he was treated surgically through ligation and detachment of the aneurysm and replacement of part of the axillary artery with a Dacron graft (Vascutek, Inchinnan, Renfrewshire, Scotland, UK). Results: Follow-up at 1 and 6 months revealed normal patency of the axillary arterty and the prosthetic graft with complete exclusion and thrombosis of the aneurysm sac.No sensitive nor motor deficit were observed. Conclusions: Aneurysms of the axillary artery associated with intramuscular arteriovenous malformations are very rare, but have to be suspected. The treatment is challenging and can be surgical, endovascular, or hybrid, based on the patient's conditions and aneurysm's anatomical features
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