1,722,166 research outputs found
Valoración de los sueros anti-gangrenosos del Instituto Bacteriológico "Carlos G. Malbrán" - Dto. N. de Higiene
No full textFil: Pirosky, I. Ministerio del Interior; Departamento Nacional de Higiene; Instituto Bacteriológico "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Franceschi, C. Ministerio del Interior; Departamento Nacional de Higiene; Instituto Bacteriológico "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; Argentin
Immunosenescence within an Evolutionary Perspective
No full textThe central idea of the evolutionary (or Darwinian) medicine is that the causes of diseases are to be found not only in the immediate context of the patients and in their own life histories (ontogenetic time) but also in the evolutionary history of the human species and particularly in the endless co-evolution between host and pathogens, and the consequent evolutionary constraints. In such a long time-scale perspective, the onset of a disease can be conceptualized as the consequenceof man’s mismatched state to modernity, that is the mismatch between our genes, selected for an hostile environment over millions of years, and the present “artificial” environment, characterized by hygiene, sedentary life and easy access to food. It is in this paradigm that Franceschi and Grignolio discuss aging and longevity, conditions largely not predicted by evolution, in which they analyze immunosenescence as well as the detrimental effects of the “unexpected” genetics of the post-reproductive period of life. Overstimulated over time by persistent antigens, the immune system of the elderly seems to gain an “inflamm-aging” status, a chronic, low-grade inflammation which is also a major contributor to many age-related pathologies.Even if focused on aging, this essay not only offers a comprehensive evolutionary interpretations of the most recent immunological topics, but it also introduces us to a deeper dimension of the HISTORY OF IMMUNE SYSTEM combined with the new perspective of IMMUNOLOGICAL BIOGRAPHY
Polisacárido de quiste hidático
No full textFil: Pirosky, I. Ministerio del Interior; Departamento Nacional de Higiene; Instituto Bacteriológico "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Pirosky R. de. Ministerio del Interior; Departamento Nacional de Higiene; Instituto Bacteriológico "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Franceschi, C. Ministerio del Interior; Departamento Nacional de Higiene; Instituto Bacteriológico "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; Argentin
The Impact of Phenocopy on the Genetic Analysis of Complex Traits
Full text linkA consistent debate is ongoing on genome-wide association studies (GWAs). A key point is the capability to identify low-penetrance variations across the human genome. Among the phenomena reducing the power of these analyses, phenocopy level (PE) hampers very seriously the investigation of complex diseases, as well known in neurological disorders, cancer, and likely of primary importance in human ageing. PE seems to be the norm, rather than the exception, especially when considering the role of epigenetics and environmental factors towards phenotype. Despite some attempts, no recognized solution has been proposed, particularly to estimate the effects of phenocopies on the study planning or its analysis design. We present a simulation, where we attempt to define more precisely how phenocopy impacts on different analytical methods under different scenarios. With our approach the critical role of phenocopy emerges, and the more the PE level increases the more the initial difficulty in detecting gene-gene interactions is amplified. In particular, our results show that strong main effects are not hampered by the presence of an increasing amount of phenocopy in the study sample, despite progressively reducing the significance of the association, if the study is sufficiently powered. On the opposite, when purely epistatic effects are simulated, the capability of identifying the association depends on several parameters, such as the strength of the interaction between the polymorphic variants, the penetrance of the polymorphism and the alleles (minor or major) which produce the combined effect and their frequency in the population. We conclude that the neglect of the possible presence of phenocopies in complex traits heavily affects the analysis of their genetic data
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Response by Giuliani et al to Letter Regarding Article, "genetics of Human Longevity Within an Eco-Evolutionary Nature-Nurture Framework"
Full text linkComment on Genetics of Human Longevity Within an Eco-Evolutionary Nature-Nurture Framework. [Circ Res. 2018]
Letter by Morris Regarding Article, "Genetics of Human Longevity Within an Eco-Evolutionary Nature-Nurture Framework". [Circ Res. 2019
PRESENCE OF SEVERAL CYTOKINE-LIKE MOLECULES IN MOLLUSCAN HEMOCYTES
No full textThe presence of a variety of cytokine-like molecules (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha) in the hemocytes of two molluscs, i.e., Planorbarius corneus and Viviparus ater, is reported. These molecules are present only in hemocytes with phagocytic activity. These data, together with recent reports on the presence of cytokine-like molecules in other invertebrates, suggest that cytokines are important, ancestral and functionally conserved molecules
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