1,721,067 research outputs found
Revisiting horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, modern technology for an evergreen biocatalyst.
No full textCovalent Immobilisation of Different Enzymes on Hydroxyapatite, an Alternative Green Support
No full textThe implementation of biocatalysis in industrial processes has been hampered by poor long-term stability and difficult recyclability of enzymes. A viable solution to solve these problems is the immobilisation of the biocatalyst on insoluble supports, thus allowing also its implementation in combination with continuous flow technologies for process intensification.
The push for a more sustainable Chemistry has fostered the research of greener alternatives compared to petro-based support usually employed in enzyme immobilisation that are also quite expensive. Among these, hydroxyapatite (HAP), the mineral component of mammalian bones, represents a suitable candidate thanks to its structural stability, non-toxicity, large surface area and ease of surface modification. As it can be sourced from waste, it fulfils also the circular economy principles.
To test the possibility of using HAP for covalent immobilisation, three model enzymes were chosen: a vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis (CiVCPO), a L-tyrosine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbTDC) and an R-selective transaminase from Thermomyces stellatus (TsRTA). The immobilisation of these enzymes on other commercial supports has been reported in the context of producing valuable APIs or natural products, therefore the results on hydroxyapatite could be rigorously compared with literature data. The strategy tested consisted of a first derivatisation of HAP with a silanising agent ((3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, APTES) followed by the activation with glutaraldehyde and then the addition of the enzyme (Figure 1). Different experimental conditions and protein loading were tested to maximise the immobilisation yield and the recovered activity.
Figure 1. Immobilisation strategy on HAP using glutaraldehyde
All the enzymes tested were efficiently bound to the support, albeit with variable recovered activities depending both on the protein loading and the enzyme, with CiVCPO presenting the lowest values. The immobilised LbTDC and TsRTA were tested in multiple reaction cycles to assess their stability and reusability with promising results.
Overall, it was confirmed the feasibility of hydroxyapatite as a support for covalent immobilisation of enzymes, expanding the scope of biocatalysts present in the literature
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
