1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Enforcing surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use to drive stewardship: a quality improvement intervention in the paediatric area of the Verona University Hospital
No full textBackground:
Antibiotic Stewardship (AS) interventions in paediatric settings are still poorly
standardised in terms of methodology, assessment parameters and the clinical
outcomes to be considered. Below are the results of the ENSURE (ENforcing
SUrveillance of antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic UsE to Drive Stewardship)
study, a quasi-experimental study aimed at improving the appropriateness of
antimicrobial prescriptions in the paediatric setting by providing treatment
guidelines specifically designed in accordance with locally-collected
microbiological surveillance data.
Materials and methods:
The AS intervention was carried out in the Paediatric medical area of a tertiary
referral hospital between March 2021 and June 2023. The key elements of the
intervention were: 1) an initial intensive phase (March 2021 - May 2021) conducted
by an infectious diseases specialist working full time in the unit in question, in order
to observe and identify the training needs regarding antibiotic therapy; 2)
processing of customised therapy guidelines drawn up in accordance with local
microbiological susceptibility data, provided to prescribing personnel in January
2022 and that were also available for consultation using a customised app
(Firstline.org); 3) 18-month follow-up phase (February 2022 - June 2023) utilising
the <audit and feedback= method. The primary endpoint assessed was consumption
of systemic antibiotics (class ATC J01), as calculated using the parameters
<Defined daily doses= (DDD), <Days of therapy= (DOT) and <Length of therapy=
(LOT), normalised to 1000 patient-days (*1000 PD), for the 18 months following
the intervention (period 2022-2023) compared with historical control data for a 12-
month period prior to the SARS-COV2 pandemic (2019), using a descriptive
method and statistical analysis by means of <Interrupted Time Series Analysis=
(ITSA). The secondary endpoints of the study were: 1) distribution of the
consumption of antibiotics by WHO AWaRe class; 2) therapeutic appropriateness
assessment (using the audit and feedback method); 3) length of stay (LOS); 4) in-
hospital mortality; and 5) prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms.
Results:
A consistent reduction in the consumption of antibiotics was recorded, in terms of
both DDD *1000 PD, and DOT and LOT *1000 PD. Comparing the data by
semesters in order to also take into consideration the expected seasonal fluctuations,
the parameter total DDD normalised to *1000 PD decreased by 55% (140 vs 312)
between semester I 2022 and semester I 2019, by 47% (203 vs 385) between
semester II 2022 and semester II 2019 and by 22% (243 vs 312) between semester
I 2023 and semester I 2019. Furthermore, the parameter total DOT normalised to
*1000 PD decreased by 63% (DOT 270 vs 724) between semester I 2022 and
semester I 2019, by 55% (DOT 370 vs 830) between semester II 2022 and semester
II 2019 and by 50% (DOT 359 vs 724) between semester I 2023 and semester I
2019. Mean LOT *1000 PD (LOT 232 vs 450) decreased by 48% between semester
I 2022 and semester I 2019, by 32% (LOT 319 vs 472) between semester II 2022
and semester II 2019 and by 30% (LOT 313 vs 450) between semester I 2023 and
semester I 2019. The ITS analysis showed statistical significance (p<0.01) for the
pre- versus post-intervention differences for all 3 consumption assessment
parameters (DDD, DOT, LOT).
There was a clear change in prescription habits with greater use of <Access= class
antibiotics over <Watch= class antibiotics in the post-intervention period for the
period 2022-2023. The <Access to Watch= ratio for mean DDD *1000 PD per
observation semester was seen to increase progressively from semester I 2019
(ratio: 0.6) to semester II 2022 (ratio: 1.8), with a decrease in semester I 2023 (ratio:
0.8), nevertheless maintaining higher than pre-intervention values.
LOS and in-hospital mortality remained constant in the pre- and post-intervention
phase.
The prevalence of MDR micro-organism infections remained constant and very low
in the pre- and post-intervention phases (2019: 9%; 2022 and 2023: 7%). However,
there was an increase in Escherichia coli micro-organisms isolated from urine
cultures that were resistant to the therapy provided for in the guidelines (2019: 18%;
2022: 34%; semester I 2023: 40%), with an absolute preponderance of amoxicillinclavulanic acid-resistant micro-organisms.
During the post-intervention follow-up phase, 42 audits were carried out to assess
713 patients, 214 of whom were receiving antibiotic therapy (mean proportion:
semester I 2022 - 29%; semester II 2022 - 32%; semester I 2023 - 29%). In the postintervention phase, prescriptions were found to be appropriate according to the
guidelines in a high proportion of subjects, with a consistently upward trend during
the follow-up period (semester I 2022: 84%; semester II 2022: 89%; semester I
2023: 93%).
Limitations of the study:
The inclusion in the study of a control group and a <non-intervention arm= could
have provided support for the assessment of any confounders (e.g. patient mix
changes, nonavailability of certain active substances, etc.). However, they were not
foreseen in the study design because all areas of the Paediatric Medical Area of
Verona University Hospital were simultaneously involved in the study, and no other
departments with similar characteristics were available at the same location for use
as a control group.
Conclusions:
In this study, the AS intervention appeared to be associated with an improvement
in the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions and a significant reduction in total
antibiotic consumption, as well as with the consolidation of a prescriptive attitude
that favoured, whenever possible, the choice of antibiotics in the <Access= class.
The electronic tools specifically designed to support prescribers played an
important role in promoting compliance with the guidelines and ensuring the longterm sustainability of objectives achieved.
Regular monitoring of micro-organism resistance profiles at a local level is essential
for appropriately adapting the guidelines for empirical antimicrobial treatment
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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