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Forme della ragione nelle Naturales Quaestiones di Seneca
No full textThis chapter analyzes the rational approach that Seneca adopted in his attempt to understand the world-environment in its entirety – from the most spectacular and extraordinary phenomena that occasionally disrupt the course of human affairs to the constant regularities of natural cycles that unfold unceasingly on earth and in the heavens. The Naturales quaestiones suggest an idea of nature as an excess that human beings cannot fully comprehend, while at the same time, humans, limited as they are, remain a part of that very excess. The study of natural realities, therefore, cannot be separated from the study of human reality, which is integral to them. Both nature and the human soul share the characteristic of having a “hidden depths”: mysterious and immense recesses, invisible to the eye and yet intuitively graspable beyond the surface of phenomena, which both reveal and conceal a dimension that is sometimes inaccessible. Scientific in- quiry, and the endless stream of “why?” questions it provokes, thus becomes above all a path toward awareness – of the limits of understanding, but also of self-determination – that the human participant observers encounter both within and outside themselves. Indeed, it is man who often proves to be the greatest obstacle to the knowledge of the cosmos that is so ardently sought, given the ease with which he squanders his intellectual resources while succumbing to moral vices, to the point of forgetting life’s fleeting transience in the face of the body’s inevitable death. Yet a space for understanding opens up toward the end of Seneca’s
Naturales quaestiones, where it is recognized that human wisdom “must fulfill its own task” (VII, 32). As if it were an organ with its own vital function, the sapientia of the Stoic sage, in its exercise, expresses the need to explore those depths – of nature and of the self – by repositioning the natural phenomenon “man” within the condition of limit-within-the-unlimited that essentially defines him. The future, if we are willing to follow this cognitive impulse, may yet prove to be our greatest ally in the journey through the immense unknown in which we are immersed
ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ ΑΧΑΙΩΝ. La parola libera di Achille, la metis di Atena
No full textLa parrhesia, la libertà di pensiero e di espressione, è uno dei fondamenti, innanzitutto, dell'idea di democrazia. Nasce dai primi esperimenti di democrazia ad Atene nel V secolo a.C., lo sappiamo bene. Per noi non c’è libertà, non c’è uguaglianza, se non esistono queste libertà di pensare e dire tutto davanti a tutti. La libertà di espressione, il discorso critico, la molteplicità dei pensieri e delle voci sono principi essenziali. Nessuno può dire di possedere la verità, nessuno può imporre il proprio pensiero unico, il proprio dogma. È il primo antidoto contro l’autocrazia. Ecco, allora, che la parola critica serve a mettere in discussione le convenzioni, le inerzie e le incrostazioni di ogni società. Può smascherare ogni propaganda, ogni mistificazione, ogni illusione. Achille, tra l'Iliade, l'Odissea e i dialoghi di Luciano, è forse il nostro primo archetipo, contro gli errori e la potenza di Agamennone, ma anche contro le illusioni e le convenzioni dell'etica eroica.Parrhesia, freedom of thought and freedom of speech, is one of the foundations, first of all, of the idea of democracy. It was born from the first experiments of democracy of Athens in 5th century BC. For us there is no freedom, there is no equality, if there are not these freedoms to think and say everything in front of everyone. Free speech, critical speech, the multiplicity of thoughts and voices are essential principles. No one can say that he possesses the truth, no one can impose his unique thought, his dogma. It is the first antidote to autocracy. Here then parrhesia serves to discuss the conventions, inertia and encrustations of every society. It can unmask any propaganda, any mystification, any illusion. Achilles, between the Iliad, the Odyssey and Lucian's Dialogues of the Dead, is perhaps our first archetype, against the errors and power of Agamemnon, but also against the illusions and conventions of heroic ethics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
L’automa parlante. Linguaggio e parallelismo psico-fisico nella tradizione leibnizio-wolffiana
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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