1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Abstract 5781: Establishment of a 3D <i>ex-vivo</i> assay as a preclinical drug testing platform for personalized cancer therapy
No full textAbstract
In vitro cell based drug testing tools have been widely used in drug discovery and early development to evaluate novel drug entities for further evaluation in preclinical in vivo models. However, a poor correspondence with in vivo models has compelled oncologists to pursue complementary in vitro strategies with better outcomes. Within this realm, a 3D ex vivo platform is being extensively used to evaluate the activity of cytotoxic drugs, targeted molecules, and antibodies. To increase the translational value of this model, maintenance of the tumor microenvironment (immune and other stromal cells) is highly pertinent. We have established a 3D ex vivo assay as a patient drug testing platform for personalized medicine therapies in collaboration with our clinical partners.
In this study we setup the protocols for obtaining single cell suspensions from biopsy and/or tumor resection samples from patients presenting with Urothelial cancers, Renal cell carcinoma, Pancreatic, NSCLC, Ovarian, and Melanomas to generate 3D microtumors in 96 well format cultured over a period of 7-15 days. The microtumors were monitored for growth characteristics, biomarker phenotype and drug activity profile. As expected the growth characteristics for each tumor varied, corresponding very well with clinical disease progression. Subsequently, these microtumors were assessed using a standard clinical immunohistochemistry diagnostics approach to evaluate disease specific biomarkers and were compared to the clinical diagnostics profile of the patients. The biomarker profile from 3D derived tumor samples showed concordance with the patient diagnostics profile. In the instances were clinical information and treatment regimens were available, the microtumors were tested and followed with single and pairwise drug treatments. The ex vivo 3D treatment outcome clearly reflected the clinical outcome. Currently, this platform is being used to develop 3D ex vivo immune-competent models to study immunomodulatory therapies. Based on the overall data we conclude that the 3D ex vivo assay system offers a highly pertinent platform to perform chemosensitivity testing providing predictive information on the clinical outcome, which enables oncologists to redefine individualized chemo/targeted treatments.
Citation Format: Sumeer Dhar, Francesca Chiovaro, Tamara Tanos, Tomas Hejhal, Seife Heilemariam, Jens Kelm, Anja Irmisch, Mitchell Levesque. Establishment of a 3D ex-vivo assay as a preclinical drug testing platform for personalized cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5781. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5781</jats:p
Abstract 5780: 3D <i>ex-vivo</i> assay platform using primary lung cancer cells in malignant pleural effusions as predictor for clinical outcome of personalized chemotherapy
No full textAbstract
Background:
Despite advances in therapeutic programs to treat various cancer types, dismal overall response rates for several entities has posed dilemma for oncologists and researchers alike. Therefore, there is an immense need in accelerating therapeutic programs towards clinical success in cancer patients. It is well established that patients suffering from same cancer type may respond very differently to a given chemotherapeutic regimen. We propose the development of a unique patient-derived 3D ex-vivo drug testing platform as a valid decision making tool for 2nd or 3rd line treatment regimens.
Materials and Methods: In this ex-vivo platform freshly collected malignant pleural effusions from patients were processed for cytological diagnosis on cell blocks, using respective immune-histochemical markers. Effusions were prepared for a 96 well based 3D ex vivo assay format using the hanging drop method and a parallel 2D cell culture format. Subsequently, we compared the original cell composition of the malignant effusion with respective microtumors generated in the 3D format. Microtumors were then fixed, embedded in paraffin and processed like original cell blocks. IHC including respective markers for tumour cells such as TTF1, CDX2 and oestrogen receptor and for non-tumour cellular fractions like calretinin, CD45, and MPO were processed.
Results: The microtumors generated (ranging from 300 to 500µm) retained the native tumor morphology and cellular composition, thereby presenting tumour microenvironment like conditions in this ex vivo system. These cultures contain all cellular components of a malignant effusion at the beginning. Next to cancer cells, mesothelial cells, lymphocytes and granulocytes were main constituents. Cellular ratios were measured by computerized image analysis. Both cell sediments and supernatants are amenable to profiling strategies by next generation sequencing and mass spectrometry.
Conclusion: Our model presents an optimal condition to conduct chemosensitivity/-resistance profiling in individual cancer patients using standard drug combinations. Furthermore, we are currently developing an immune competent 3D model to access cancer cell interaction with surrounding immune cells. We expect that original immune cells will be quenched out during culture, thus these micro tumors can be supplemented with activated effectors in particular, T and NK cells (autologous system) to investigate novel drug combination approaches including immune-stimulating agents such as anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
Citation Format: Cheng-guang Wu, Francesca Chiovaro, Tamara Tanos, Alex Soltermann, Sumeer Dhar. 3D ex-vivo assay platform using primary lung cancer cells in malignant pleural effusions as predictor for clinical outcome of personalized chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5780. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5780</jats:p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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