137 research outputs found
Non-invasive brain stimulation in dementia: a complex network story
No full textNon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is emerging as a promising rehabilitation tool for a number of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of NIBS are not completely understood. In this review, we will summarize NIBS results in the context of brain imaging studies of functional connectivity and metabolites to gain insight into the possible mechanisms underlying recovery. We will briefly discuss how the clinical manifestations of common neurodegenerative disorders may be related with aberrant connectivity within large-scale neural networks. We will then focus on recent studies combining resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging with NIBS to delineate how stimulation of different brain regions induce complex network modifications, both at the local and distal level. Moreover, we will review studies combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy and NIBS to investigate how microscale changes are related to modifications of large-scale networks. Finally, we will re-examine previous NIBS studies in dementia in light of this network perspective. A better understanding of NIBS impact on the functionality of large-scale brain networks may be useful to design beneficial treatments for neurodegenerative disorders
sj-pdf-1-msj-10.1177_13524585211031786 – Supplemental material for Volume changes of thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum are associated with specific CSF profile in MS
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-msj-10.1177_13524585211031786 for Volume changes of thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum are associated with specific CSF profile in MS by Albulena Bajrami, Roberta Magliozzi, Anna I Pisani, Francesca B Pizzini, Francesco Crescenzo, Damiano Marastoni and Massimiliano Calabrese in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
Neuroradiology training in EU: international survey of 31 countries within UEMS frame
No full textTo assess the current framework of interventional and diagnostic neuroradiology in Europe METHODS: The UEMS (European Union of Medical Specialists) Section of Radiology and the subspecialty UEMS Division of Neuroradiology collected by e-mail a survey on the situation of diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology' training and practice in Europe. The questionnaire was sent to the national delegates from 31 UEMS member countries, belonging to the European Union, the European Economic Area and the Council of Europe. In case of uncertain or discordant replies, the survey envisaged the involvement of neuroradiology scientific societies' experts for providing a decisive answer
sj-pdf-2-msj-10.1177_13524585211031786 – Supplemental material for Volume changes of thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum are associated with specific CSF profile in MS
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-2-msj-10.1177_13524585211031786 for Volume changes of thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum are associated with specific CSF profile in MS by Albulena Bajrami, Roberta Magliozzi, Anna I Pisani, Francesca B Pizzini, Francesco Crescenzo, Damiano Marastoni and Massimiliano Calabrese in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic administration of gadolinium in the identification of endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Ménière's disease.
No full textOBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic gadolinium administration in evidencing endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Ménière's disease (MD).
PATIENTS:
A total of 26 patients (18 male and 8 female subjects, aged 25-78 yr; median age, 56 yr) with definite MD and 12 subjects (8 male and 4 female subjects, aged 31-75 yr; median age, 51 yr) with various unilateral non-MD disorders of the inner ear were examined.
INTERVENTION:
A 0.6-ml solution of gadobutrol (1 mmol/ml), diluted 1:7 in saline, was injected in the affected ear through the inferior-posterior quadrant of the tympanic membrane, using a 22-gauge spinal needle. In 9 MD patients, the contralateral ear also was injected. The patient was kept with the head rotated 45 degrees contralaterally for 30 minutes after each injection. Twenty-four hours later, a 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging using a 3 Tesla unit was performed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
Perilymphatic enhancement was evaluated in different portions of the labyrinth in MD ears and compared with the outcomes obtained in the non-MD ears.
RESULTS:
All MD ears showed impaired perilymphatic enhancement of variable degrees. No enhancement defects could be observed in all examined contralateral unaffected ear of the patients with MD, as well as in 11 of the 12 ears of the subjects with various unilateral non-MD disorders.
CONCLUSION:
Perilymphatic enhancement defect of variable degrees is observed in the pathologic ear of every patient with MD. The consistency of this phenomenon in MD ears and the complete enhancement in most of the ears without MD safely enable to attribute these findings to endolymphatic hydrops. It is likely in the near future that imaging may be used to achieve a certain diagnosis of MD in life
sj-pdf-3-msj-10.1177_13524585211031786 – Supplemental material for Volume changes of thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum are associated with specific CSF profile in MS
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-3-msj-10.1177_13524585211031786 for Volume changes of thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum are associated with specific CSF profile in MS by Albulena Bajrami, Roberta Magliozzi, Anna I Pisani, Francesca B Pizzini, Francesco Crescenzo, Damiano Marastoni and Massimiliano Calabrese in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
Caecum inhacaense Albano & Pizzini 2011, sp. n.
No full textCaecum inhacaense sp. n. <p>Figs 3A–C, E</p> <p>Etymology: From Ilha da Inhaca, southern Mozambique, the type locality.</p> <p>Description:</p> <p> <b>7XEH F\OLQGULFDO, VPRRWK, FURVVHG RQO\ E\ ¿QH JURZWK VWULDWLRQ. 6HSWXP PXFURQDWH,</b> turned to right side by about 30° and protruding over the cutting plane. Mucro (Fig.3C) <b>KDV WKH IRUP RI D VPDOO ÀDWWHQHG EDOO, DOPRVW REVROHWH LQ MXYHQLOH VSHFLPHQV. 'RUVDO PDUJLQ RI PXFUR VWURQJO\ FRQYH[, ZKLOH LWV YHQWUDO PDUJLQ VOLJKWO\ 6‒VKDSHG DQG LQÀDWHG</b> near the cutting plane.Aperture circular, weakly ringed and slightly contracted. Juveniles (Fig. 3E) have more slender shell, and aperture lip thin and fragile. Colour whitish.</p> <p>Operculum and soft parts morphology unknown.</p> <p>Holotype dimensions: length 1.4 mm, diameter 0.3 mm.</p> <p>Holotype (Figs 3A–C): Loc. 2035; gold coated for SEM photography (MZB 15000).</p> <p> Paratypes:A (juvenile) from the type locality(Fig.3E), gold coated for SEM photography (MZB 15001). B from Loc. 2036 (MNHN 23121). C from Loc. 2036 (NMSA L8452 /T2659).D from Loc. 2036 (BMNH 20100510). Comparative material examined: <i>C</i>. <i>amputatum</i> Hedley, 1899 holotype AMS C68589 (Fig. 3D). Type locality: Cabbage Tree Bay, near Manly, in shell-sand, New South Wales (Australia).</p> <p>Distribution: Inhaca Island, Mozambique.</p> <p> Comparison:The new species is closely related to <i>C</i>. <i>amputatum</i> Hedley, 1899 (Fig. 3D), described from New South Wales, Australia. The greatest difference is in the septum, which in <i>C</i>. <i>amputatum</i> is “… well exerted, surrounded by a crown of the truncated tube, apex placed on the side of convex aperture” (Hedley 1899: 504). The position of the mucro (the “apex” in Hedley’s description) is dorsal in <i>C</i>. <i>inhacaense</i> and ventral in <i>C</i>. <i>amputatum</i>. Moreover, there is a wide geographical distance between the two type localities since no similar species have been found by the second author while studying <b>WKH KXJH FROOHFWLRQV RI WKH 01+1 LQ WKH 7URSLFDO,QGR‒3DFL¿F.</b></p> <p> The new species can be compared to the endemic Mediterranean species <i>C</i>. <i>auriculatum</i> Folin, 1868 due to the overall form of the tube. Neither has any sculpture but has a ringed aperture. However, the form of the septum is markedly different: it has <b>WKH VKDSH RI D VPDOO, ÀDWWHQHG EDOO LQ</b> <i>inhacaense</i>, while it is hemispheric with ear-like right-oriented mucro in <i>auriculatum</i>. Moreover, the distribution is greatly disjunct.</p>Published as part of <i>Albano, Paolo G. & Pizzini, Mauro, 2011, Notes on Caecidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from southern Mozambique, with the description of a new species, pp. 1 in African Invertebrates 52 (1)</i> on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0101, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7913825">http://zenodo.org/record/7913825</a>
ESMRMB Round Table report on "Can Europe Lead in Machine Learning of MRI-Data?"
No full textno abstract availabl
Standards for European training requirements in interventional neuroradiology : Guidelines by the Division of Neuroradiology/Section of Radiology European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), in cooperation with the Division of Interventional Radiology/UEMS, the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), and the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT).
No full textThis document sets out standards for training in Interventional Neuroradiology (INR) in Europe. These standards have been developed by a working group of the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR) and the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) on the initiative and under the umbrella of the Division of Neuroradiology/Section of Radiology of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS)
Ocrelizumab reduces cortical and deep grey matter loss compared to the S1P-receptor modulator in multiple sclerosis
No full textIntroduction: Ocrelizumab (OCR) and Fingolimod (FGL) are two high-efficacy treatments in multiple sclerosis which, besides their strong anti-inflammatory activity, may limit neurodegeneration. Aim: To compare the effect of OCR and FGL on clinical and MRI endpoints. Methods: 95 relapsing-remitting patients (57 OCR, 38 FGL) clinically followed for 36 months underwent a 3-Tesla MRI at baseline and after 24 months. The annualized relapse rate, EDSS, new cortical/white matter lesions and regional cortical and deep grey matter volume loss were evaluated. Results: OCR reduced the relapse rate from 0.48 to 0.04, FGL from 0.32 to 0.05 (both p < 0.001). Compared to FGL, OCR-group experienced fewer new white matter lesions (12% vs 32%, p = 0.005), no differences in new cortical lesions, lower deep grey matter volume loss (- 0.12% vs - 0.66%; p = 0.002, Cohen's d = 0.54), lower global cortical thickness change (- 0.45% vs - 0.70%; p = 0.036; d = 0.42) and reduced cortical thinning/volume loss in several regions of interests, including those of parietal gyrus (d-range = 0.65-0.71), frontal gyrus (d-range = 0.47-0.60), cingulate (d-range = 0.41-0.72), insula (d = 0.36), cerebellum (cortex d = 0.72, white matter d = 0.44), putamen (d = 0.35) and thalamus (d = 0.31). The effect on some regional thickness changes was confirmed in patients without focal lesions. Conclusions: When compared with FGL, patients receiving OCR showed greater suppression of focal MRI lesions accumulation and lower cortical and deep grey matter volume loss
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