1,720,968 research outputs found
Involvement of the LFA-1 ligand JAM-A in inflammatory recruitment of mononuclear cells : identification of the JAM-A binding domain in LFA-1
No full textJunctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a ligand of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). In this study the JAM-A binding site in LFA-1 was identified and the involvement of JAM-A in inflammatory recruitment of mononuclear cells was analyzed. Furthermore, a functional contribution of JAM-A to atherogenesis was investigated. By deletion of the I domain in the aL subunit of LFA-1 and expression of this aL mutant in aL-deficient Jurkat J-ß2.7 T cells, it was here demonstrated that the I domain of LFA-1 is crucial for adhesion to immobilized JAM-A. This was substantiated by blocking the stimulated adhesion of T cells or monocytes to JAM-A using the I domain-directed mAb TS1/22 or the small molecule antagonist BIRT377, which stabilizes the low-affinity conformation of the I domain. The immobilized LFA-1 I domain locked in the open high-affinity conformation was sufficient to support adhesion of transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human JAM-A. A solid-phase binding assay confirmed a direct interaction of recombinant JAM-A with immobilized LFA 1 I domain locked in the open high-affinity conformation. These data have demonstrated that the I domain of LFA-1 is sufficient and required for the functional interactions of LFA-1 with JAM-A. Using soluble JAM-A.Fc chimeric protein as a competitive inhibitor, the involvement of JAM-A in distinct steps of mononuclear cells recruitment was analyzed. Adhesion assays revealed that LFA-1-mediated binding of T cells or monocytes to immobilized ICAM-1 or cytokine-costimulated endothelium was dose-dependently inhibited by soluble JAM-A.Fc. Similarly, soluble JAM-A.Fc reduced the LFA-1-mediated SDF-1-triggered arrest under flow conditions and transendothelial chemotaxis of T cells. These data have shown that soluble JAM-A can be effectively applied to inhibit distinct steps of inflammatory recruitment of mononuclear cells. Immunofluorescence and real-time RT-PCR analysis showed an upregulation of JAM-A expression on early atherosclerotic endothelium of carotid arteries from apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice fed a high fat Western-type diet. In ex vivo perfusion assays, soluble JAM-A.Fc inhibited the VLA-4-independent accumulation of mononuclear cells on atherosclerotic endothelium. Together with the upregulation of JAM-A on atherosclerotic endothelium, this suggests a functional contribution of JAM-A to atherogenesis. The role of endothelial JAM-A in atherogenic recruitment was further substantiated by an attenuation of monocyte arrest and transmigration on activated JAM-A-/-apoE-/- versus JAM-A+/+apoE-/- mouse aortal endothelial cells in vitro. The findings from this work may be helpful in designing new stategies for the development of anti-inflammatory therapies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Cd73/ecto-5 '-nucleotidase protects against vascular inflammation, monocyte recruitment and neointima formation
No full textRegulated release and functional modulation of junctional adhesion molecule A by disintegrin metalloproteinases
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