2 research outputs found
Brincar para quê? escola é lugar de aprender!: estudo de caso de uma brinquedoteca no contexto escolar
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Florianópolis, 2009.Esta tese visa compreender como se constitui o brincar numa brinquedoteca escolar. Isto através da análise das significações atribuídas ao brincar e à brinquedoteca, das experiências e das aprendizagens nela vivenciadas e das contribuições destas ao processo de formação dos sujeitos. Ela aborda os paradoxos do brincar na escola e as contradições existentes entre o brincar como um direito e as suas (im)possibilidades na atualidade. Ela se fundamenta nos princípios do brincar (Brougère, 2005) e na compreensão da constituição humana, de aprendizagem e do brincar na psicologia histórico-cultural. A pesquisa teve como sujeitos os alunos de 1a a 4a série, que freqüentam a brinquedoteca no horário de aula, e a equipe pedagógica de uma escola municipal de Florianópolis, Brasil. E teve como fonte de informações: entrevistas, documentos concernentes à brinquedoteca e aos alunos, um questionário enviado às famílias, registros em vídeo do cotidiano da brinquedoteca e de uma formação sobre o brincar. As análises de indícios (Ginzburg, 1980) e de discurso (Bakhtin/Volochínov, 1999) evidenciaram as múltiplas vozes sociais no discurso dos sujeitos e traduziram suas concepções sobre o brincar, como uma atividade livre e dirigida, e sobre a brinquedoteca escolar, como um local de aprendizagens. As análises mostraram também as contradições e as tensões advindas do movimento de controle e de resistência, tanto do trabalho dos adultos quanto do brincar das crianças. Elas permitiram colocar em evidência experiências enriquecedoras e aprendizagens formadoras para todos os sujeitos. Mesmo se às vezes estas parecem incompatíveis tanto com as especificidades das brinquedotecas quanto com os objetivos escolares, freqüentemente deles se aproximaram e, por vezes, também os ultrapassaram.This thesis aims at understanding how play is structured in a school toy-library. This is possible through the analysis of the meaning given to both play and the toy-library, as well as the learning experiences acquired there and the contribution of these experiences to the process of subject formation. It also deals with the paradoxes of the act of playing at school and the contradictions between the play as a right and its (im)possibilities nowadays. This work is based on the principles of play (Brougère, 2005) and on the understanding of human constitution, of learning processes and the act of playing according to historical-cultural psychology. This research used, as subjects, students from primary school who attended the toy-library during school hours and its pedagogical team from a state school in Florianópolis, Brazil. As part of the database, we also find interviews, documents concerning the toy-library and the students in addition to a questionnaire sent to the families and video recordings of the daily routine of the toy-library and of a training course about play. The Analysis of Indicators (Ginzburg, 1980) and of discourse (Bakhtin/Volochínov, 1999) showed the multiple social voices in the discourse of the subjects and translated their views of play as being both a free and controlled activity and the toy-library as a place to learn. The analysis also revealed the contradictions and tensions resulting from the movement of control and resistance, both from the adult work and the children's play. They also pointed out that that these experiences were enriching and formative for all the subjects. Even though these experiences sometimes seemed incompatible with the specifics of toy-libraries or school objectives, they were frequently in tandem with, or even surpassed them
Rifaximin in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease. Systematic review of the literature
Get PDFilustraciones, gráficas, tablasRifaximina en enfermedad diverticular sintomática no complicada. Revisión sistemática de la literatura Introducción: La rifaximina es un antibiótico que inhibe la síntesis del ARN bacteriano y se ha propuesto en el tratamiento de enfermedad diverticular sintomática no complicada (EDSNC), pero hay controversia sobre su utilidad. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad y seguridad de la rifaximina frente a otras intervenciones o no intervención en la mejoría de los síntomas de pacientes con EDSNC. Materiales y métodos: Investigamos en todas las bases de datos hasta Julio 2021 para identificar experimentos clínicos, otros estudios de intervención, cohortes o casos y controles que evaluaran la efectividad y seguridad de la rifaximina frente a otras intervenciones o no intervención en la mejoría de los síntomas de pacientes con EDSNC. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos se evaluó de acuerdo al tipo de diseño. Se realizó síntesis cualitativa. Resultados: se tamizaron 1489 referencias. Se revisaron 18 referencias en texto completo, de las cuales se excluyeron siete. 11 estudios cumplieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En los ECA (ensayos clínicos) existió mejoría en el score global sintomático a 14+/-2 días p<0.005, 6 meses (p<0.001), 12 meses (p<0.001), 24 meses (p<0.001) con diferencias estadísticamente significativa. En el estudio cuasiexperimetal y en los estudios observacionales también existió reducción significativa a los 3 meses (p<0.001) 6 meses p (0,0001), 8 años (p<0.001). Los efectos adversos, fueron menor al 1%, y no tienen diferencias significativas (NS) en relación al grupo comparador. Rifaximina no tiene utilidad en la prevención de complicaciones (NS). La heterogeneidad clínica y metodológica debido a las diferentes mediciones de los desenlaces y definiciones del score sintomático, no permite establecer medidas combinadas del efecto. Conclusiones: Rifaximina es mejor que la fibra (glucomanano solo), superior a placebo en mejoria de los síntomas. Se requieren más estudios para confirmar estos hallazgos. Se recomienda realizar ECA bien diseñados para establecer el impacto de la rifaximina en EDSNC. (Texto tomado de la fuente).Rifaximin in uncomplicated symptomatic diverticular disease. Systematic review of the literature Introduction: Rifaximin is an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis and has been proposed for the treatment of uncomplicated symptomatic diverticular disease (NCSD), but there is controversy about its usefulness. Objective: To determine the effectiveness and safety of rifaximin compared to other interventions or no intervention in improving the symptoms of patients with EDSNC. Materials and methods: We searched all databases up to July 2021 to identify clinical trials, other intervention studies, cohorts, or cases and controls that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of rifaximin versus other interventions or no intervention in improving symptoms. symptoms of patients with EDSNC. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed according to the type of design. Qualitative synthesis was performed. Results: 1489 references were screened. Eighteen full-text references were reviewed, of which seven were excluded. 11 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the RCTs (clinical trials) there was an improvement in the global symptomatic score at 14+/-2 days p<0.005, 6 months (p<0.001), 12 months (p<0.001), 24 months (p<0.001) with differences statistically significant. In the quasi-experimental study and in the observational studies there was also a significant reduction at 3 months (p<0.001), 6 months p (0.0001), 8 years (p<0.001). Adverse effects were less than 1%, and have no significant differences (NS) in relation to the comparator group. Rifaximin has no utility in the prevention of complications (NS). The clinical and methodological heterogeneity due to the different measurements of the outcomes and definitions of the symptom score, does not allow to establish combined measures of the effect. Conclusions: Rifaximin is better than fiber (glucomannan alone), superior to placebo in symptom improvement. Further studies are required to confirm these findings. Well-designed RCTs are recommended to establish the impact of rifaximin on EDSNC.Incluye anexosEspecialidades MédicasEspecialista en Gastroenterologí
