1,720,985 research outputs found
Heroin and Asthma Deaths in Cook County, Illinois — A Two-Year Review.
No full textAfter attending this presentation, attendees will better understand the incidence, including seasonal trends, demographics, associated drugs, and significance of asthma history of heroin deaths. This presentation will impact the forensic science community by providing data on heroin deaths in Cook County and a comparison of the demographics, autopsy, and histological findings of heroin users who had a history of asthma to those with did not. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), in 2012 approximately 669,000 Americans reported using heroin in the past year. The National Institute on Drug Abuse showed that in 2013 more than 8,000 deaths from heroin occurred in the United States. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by hyper reactivity, with reversible airflow obstruction, and respiratory symptoms of an attack that can include shortness of breath or respiratory distress even until death. Asthma is a commonly encountered disease in the United States, with an estimated 25.5 million people afflicted in 2012. Although studies have shown a link between asthma deaths and heroin abuse, the process in which opiates exacerbate asthma is still unclear. Heroin may impair judgement during an acute asthma attack leading to inadequate treatment and late arrival for care. Alterations in mental status may increase aspiration risk and predispose to aspiration-induced bronchospasm. Some studies have demonstrated that opioid-induced bronchoconstriction is mediated by histamine release and that heroin itself can degranulate mast cells and release pre-formed mediators of inflammation. The files of the Cook County Medical Examiner’s Office in Chicago, IL, were searched for cases involving heroin as a primary or contributory cause of death from January 2013 to December 2014. Cases were reviewed for age, sex, race, cause and manner of death, gross and microscopic autopsy findings, and toxicology results. The route of administration of the drug was reported if determined during the death investigations. Six hundred ninety-six cases were identified that met the criteria: 149 female and 547 male. The ages ranged from 17 years to 68 years of age. The race distribution was: 435 Caucasian, 257 African-American, 1 Oriental, and 3 Hispanic. The manner of death was determined to be accident in 681 cases, suicide in 5, natural in 5, homicide in 2, and undetermined in 3. Of these cases, 662 listed heroin as the primary cause of death: 142 female and 520 male. In this group, the age range was the same as above. The smallest number of cases occurred in the month of January 2013 (17), while the greatest number occurred in September 2014 (37). Regarding seasonal distribution, it was found that in the spring (March-May of both years) the smallest number of deaths (154) occurred, whereas in the fall (September-November of both years) the greatest number (180) of deaths occurred. In 34 cases, heroin was a contributory cause of death. In this subset, the age range was 20 years to 64 years old. Seven were female and twenty-seven were male. Regarding the seasonal distribution, in spring (March-May of both years), the greatest number of deaths (15) occurred, whereas in fall (September-November of both years) the smallest number (5) of deaths occurred. In this group, six cases died of “bronchial asthma.” In both of the groups, “heroin as primary cause of death” and “heroin as a contributory cause of death,” this study found a history of asthma in 58 cases. In this subset, the age range was 19 years to 64 years old. Twenty-one were female and thirty-seven were male. Regarding the seasonal distribution, in the winter (January, February, December of both years), the greatest number of deaths (21) occurred, whereas in summer (June-July of both years) the smallest number (10) of deaths occurred. Whenever lung slides were available, they were reviewed and graded for asthma changes. This work supports the hypothesis that a history of asthma is frequently seen in heroin deaths. In these cases, deaths usually occur in the coolest months, perhaps because cold air acts as a trigger for exacerbations of asthma. Even though there are a number of limitations (route of administration not always known, small number of cases, etc.), this study provides a review of heroin deaths in a large county in the United States
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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