1,720,975 research outputs found
Tolvaptan use in severe neonatal autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): the pharmaceutical challenge
No full textUnlicensed medications are used all the time in the management of diseases in childhood. Tolvaptan (Jinarc®) is a vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist licensed for use to slow the progression of cyst development and renal insufficiency of ADPKD in adults with CKD stage 1 to 3 with evidence of rapidly progressing disease. Studies of animal models implicate the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin and its messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as promoters of kidney-cyst cell proliferation and luminal fluid secretion
National evaluation of harm associated with patient safety incident reports related to the provision of parenteral nutrition to patients, using a national incident reporting system
No full textBackground: Parenteral nutrition (PN)–related patient safety incidents have been associated with harm. Large-scale studies are scarce, and little is known about contributory factors. This study evaluated PN-related incident reports that described harm using a national database. Materials and Methods: A retrospective evaluation of incident reports involving PN in England and Wales reported to the National Reporting and Learning System between 2015 and 2020. We described frequency by degree of reported harm and incident characteristics. Content analysis was undertaken to understand contributory factors for reports related to moderate/severe harm or death. Results: 12,907 incident reports were identified. After screening, 2242 were evaluated; 1879 (83.8%) reported no harm, 309 (13.8%) low harm, 47 (0.02%) moderate harm, 4 (0.002%) severe harm, 3 (0.001%) deaths. The most reported age group, medication process, and error category were neonates (<28 days) (n = 570/1923, 29.6%), administration (n = 1126/2242, 50%), and omitted medication/ingredient (n = 291/2242, 13%), respectively. Content analysis of reports related to moderate/severe harm and death revealed patient age of <1 year, dependence on home PN (HPN), comorbidities, and staff errors as contributory factors. Conclusions: This is the first evaluation of PN-related incident reports in England and Wales to our knowledge. We demonstrated a low frequency of reports related to moderate or severe harm or death. More incidents were reported for neonates and during the administration processes. To reduce harm, systems/procedures that reduce errors in high-risk patients (eg, neonates, patients receiving HPN) need to be established within organizations. Database limitations of voluntary reporting systems were recognized.</p
P16 An audit of domperidone prescribing in children
No full textIntroduction/aim The European Medicines Agency (EMA) reviewed the use of domperidone containing medicines in March 2014, due to concerns about cardiac abnormalities. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) then responded and issued a drug safety update in May 2014,1 which listed new restricted indications, dosing, duration and contraindications for domperidone.In May 2015 the Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group (NPPG) released a statement on the use of domperidone.2 This was a highly significant document in child health, and empowered paediatric pharmacists to react to national alerts and implement changes locally. The aim of the audit was to collect information on the current prescribing of domperidone in paediatric patients in a hospital setting, and to evaluate the effects of the alerts on prescribing.Method Patients aged 0–18 years were retrospectively identified within a children’s hospital (n=60) as having domperidone prescribed between the 1 st of January 2014 and the 31 st of July 2015 using electronic prescribing records. For each patient, data was collected regarding domperidone dose, indication, duration, monitoring and non-pharmacological interventions for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).Results A total of 60 patients were included in the audit, of which 10 (17%) were prescribed domperidone after the publication of the NPPG alert.In terms of dosing, 43/50 (86%) achieved the standard before the NPPG alert; for duration 6/50 (12%), for indication 9/50 (18%); for ECG monitoring in high risk patients 12/33 (36%) and for the trial of non-pharmacological treatment in GORD 11/17 (64%).For the patients post implementation, these figures were 10/10 (100%), 1/10 (10%), 1/10 (10%), 0/4 (0%) and 2/3 (66%) respectively.Conclusion In conclusion, this audit has shown that the drug safety updates have been received and acted upon within a secondary care setting, and hospital teams are following the new domperidone prescribing guidelines. Whilst many of the children audited were still receiving domperidone off-licence and long-term to improve gastric motility, this is to be expected as there are currently no licensed paediatric medicines for the management of these conditions.After the NPPG alert no patients received unsafe doses or interacting medicines, and the number of patients trialling non-pharmacological treatment for GORD increased. However, there remains a concern that cardiac monitoring is not being undertaken in patients at risk of cardiac defects. It is important to educate healthcare professionals on the cardiac risks of domperidone, and suggest appropriate monitoring in patients with underlying cardiac disease and those receiving concomitant drugs that prolong the QT interval. Clear national guidance, and the introduction of local protocols that recommend which patients need to be monitored and how often may improve domperidone prescribing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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