1,721,120 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Loss, Change, Adaptation: how people change when their lives do
Full text linkMany prominent theories in political science, and social science generally, argue that individuals are imprinted with behaviors and identities over the course of their lives. According to these theories, behaviors and identities persist due to internal, psychological consistency. Here, I argue that persistence in behavior, identity, and social interaction is often maintained by social networks, rather than individuals. Many day-to-day behaviors and identities would be constantly redefined and updated if there were reasons to do so. In other words, imprinting is often highly context specific, consistency in individuals is a property of stable social structures, and individuals can change very quickly when social networks around them allow or encourage it. The first paper in this dissertation ("Widowhood Effects in Voter Participation") studies why people are less likely to vote after their spouse dies. I show that a rapid, permanent drop in turnout is mostly not due to the trauma of the loss or a slowly declining interest in politics. Widows and widowers vote less because their spouse motivated them to vote. The second paper ("Partisan Attachment or Life Stability?") argues that partisan affiliations are stable in the United States electorate because day-to-day lives do not change very much. When lives do change, people reconsider their partisanship and are more likely to change it. A central argument in this paper is that age is associated with increasing partisan stability only because life stability increases with age. The last paper ("Plasticity in Human Social Networks") characterizes social network adaptations after the death of a friend. I show that mutual friends become permanently closer to each other after the shared loss, recovering the same volume of interactions that was lost from the death. Younger people tend to contribute more to recovery than older, but older people contribute equally when a loss was sudden and unexpected. The observed recovery occurs in distinct, overlapping patterns and is mathematically similar to shock responses in small-scale biological networks
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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Through the Grapevine: Essays on the Consequences of Interpersonal Political Communication
Full text linkAmericans are increasingly concerned about where we learn about politics. The reality is that many Americans learn about politics from conversations with friends and family. But how is information transmitted by our peers different from information communicated by the media? More importantly, what are the consequences of relying on our peers for information about politics relative to seeking information from professional news outlets? In the face of fake news, misinformation, and polarization, this dissertation focuses on understanding the content and consequences of interpersonal political communication. Ultimately, I argue that reliance on social information leads to negative informational and attitudinal outcomes, while opening the door for increased political engagement. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction that outlines my theory about why (and how) information becomes distorted through social transmission and why this could affect political behavior. Chapter 2 introduces a research design called a telephone game experiment that allows researchers to examine how individuals summarize information from the news and how it changes as it flows through communication networks. A subsequent version of this chapter has been published in the Journal of Politics. Chapter 3 uses the design developed in Chapter 2 to examine information transmission about economic performance and investigate the consequences of exposure to a news article or a social summary of that article. The results suggest that individuals can learn just as much from their peers as they can from a news article if they receive information from someone who is more knowledgeable than they are and is a copartisan. However, the information sources lead to divergent patterns in attitudes, such that partisan bias in the social information could influence subjective evaluations. A subsequent version of this chapter is forthcoming in the American Political Science Review. Chapter 4 uses data from two nationally representative surveys to show that individuals who report relying on conversations with others for information about politics are more likely to believe political rumors. Chapter 5 provides a brief conclusion to the dissertation, highlighting important avenues for future research
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Social Information and Political Action in Honduras and Ghana
Full text linkExisting research argues for one of two sides of a dichotomy. Either, individuals' social connections shape behavior because information flows along social connections; or, social connections shape behavior because of influence between social actors. A theory of social information reconclies these two positions, arguing instead that social information is context-dependent. When the task social information is oriented toward is relatively low cost, then social information's primary role is to spread information; however, when the task-orientation requires relatively higher cost, then social information shifts into an influential role.To test these propositions, I employ two field experiments where tasks require distinct amounts of effort on the part of the political actors. In one, actors need forefit several hours' time to take political action on a weekend. In another, actors need pay no marginal cost, but instead only need coordinate their efforts in a common direction. A theory of social information predicts that in both tasks, individuals with a large number of social connections should be more effective than individuals with a small number of social connections; but for different reasons. In the high cost case, well-connected individuals can influence their relatively proximate social alters; in the low cost case, well-connected individuals are able to coordinate the actors of others by sending a commonly observed signal
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