289 research outputs found
Data of Micromechanics-based material networks revisited from the interaction viewpoint; robust and efficient implementation for multi-phase composites
No full textData related to the publication (we would be grateful if you could cite the paper in the case in which you are using the data)
title = "Micromechanics-based material networks revisited from the interaction viewpoint; robust and efficient implementation for multi-phase composites",
journal = "European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids",
year = "2022",
volume = "91",
pages = " 104384 ",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2021.104384",
author = "Nguyen, Van Dung and Noels, Ludovic"Van Dung Nguyen is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS
Influence Du Cisplatine sur l'expression du Check-Point Immunitaire PD-1/PD-L1 Dans Le Cancer Broncho-Pulmonaire Non A Petites Cellules
No full textDespite many advances in the recent years in the therapeutic management of bronchopulmonary cancer, it remains the leading cause of death linked to cancer in the world. The major challenge for this disease is therefore to develop new treatments and optimize the use of existing drugs, in particular platinum salts. The number of clinical protocols testing combined therapies including immune check-point inhibitors and platinum salts is currently increasing in lung cancer treatment, however preclinical studies and rationale are often lacking. Here, we evaluated the impact of cisplatin treatment on PD-L1 expression analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics of patients who received cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and showed that cisplatin-based induction treatment significantly increased PD-L1 staining in both tumor and immune cells from the microenvironment. Twenty-two patients exhibited positive PD-L1 staining variation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy; including 9 (23.1%) patients switching from <50% to ≥50% of stained tumor-cells. We also confirmed the up-regulation of PD-L1 by cisplatin, at both RNA and protein levels, in nude and immunocompetent mice bearing tumors grafted with A549, LNM-R, or LLC1 lung cancer cell lines. Up-regulation of PD-L1 by cisplatin involved the PI3K / AKT signaling pathway.The combined administration of anti-PD-L1 antibodies (3mg/kg) and cisplatin (1mg/kg) to mice harboring lung carcinoma significantly reduced tumor growth compared to single agent treatments and controls. Overall, these results suggest that cisplatin treatment could synergize with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to increase the clinical response, in particular through early and sustainable enhancement of PD-L1 expression. Simultaneously, we were able to develop a targeted anti-neurotensin therapy to block its paracrine effects which stimulate proliferation, growth, and metastatic potential of lung tumor cells. Anti-neurotensin antibodies also improved the sensitivity to cisplatin of previously resistant tumors by mechanisms which probably involve increased influx and decreased efflux of platinum at the intra-nuclear level where resides its target DNA. All of these results provide a rationale for carrying out clinical trials involving cisplatin and aiming, by various ways, to improve the effectiveness of systemic treatments for non-small cell broncho-pulmonary cancers.Malgré les nombreux progrés réalisés ces dernières années dans la prise en charge thérapeutique du cancer broncho-pulmonaire, cette pathologie reste la première cause de décès lié au cancer dans le monde. L’enjeu majeur pour cette maladie est donc de développer de nouveaux traitements et d’optimiser l’utilisation des drogues existantes, en particulier les sels de platine. Les protocoles combinant des inhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaire avec des sels de platine est actuellement en plein essor malgré un certain manque en études précliniques. Dans ce travail, j’ai cherché à évaluer l'impact du cisplatine sur l'expression de PD-L1 en analysant des patients ayant reçu une chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante à base de cisplatine. Le traitement d'induction augmentait considérablement le marquage PD-L1 des cellules tumorales et immunitaires du microenvironnement. Vingt-deux patients présentaient une variation positive du pourcentage de cellules tumorales PD-L1+ après chimiothérapie néoadjuvante; dont 9 (23,1%) passant de <50% à ≥50% des cellules tumorales marquées. Nous avons également confirmé la régulation positive de PD-L1 par le cisplatine, tant au niveau de l'ARNm qu’au niveau protéique, in-vitro et in-vivo sur des souris nude et des souris immunocompétentes greffées par des tumeurs expérimentales issues de lignées cellulaires de cancer du poumon A549, LNM-R ou LLC1. L’up-régulation de PD-L1 par le cisplatine fait intervenir la voie de signalisation PI3K/AKT. De plus, l'administration combinée d'anticorps anti-PD-L1 (3 mg / kg) et de cisplatine (1 mg / kg) à des souris portant un carcinome pulmonaire réduisait significativement la croissance tumorale par rapport aux traitements en monothérapie et par rapport aux contrôles. Le cisplatine augmente donc précocément et durablement l'expression de PD-L1 et pourrait donc agir de manière synergique avec un blocage de PD-1 / PD-L1 pour améliorer la réponse tumorale aux traitements. En parallèle, nous avons pu développer une thérapie ciblée anti-neurotensine permettant de bloquer ses effets paracrines stimulants la prolifération, la croissance, et les capacités d’invasion des cellules de tumeurs pulmonaires. Les anticorps anti-neurotensine amélioraient également la sensibilité au cisplatine de tumeurs préalablement résistantes par des mécanismes qui impliquent probablement l’augmentation de l’influx et la diminution de l’efflux de platine au niveau de sa cible intra-nucléaire qu’est l’ADN. L’ensemble de ces résultats apportent du rationnel à la réalisation d’essais cliniques impliquant le cisplatine et visant par différents biais à améliorer l’efficacité de traitements systémiques de cancers broncho-pulmonaires non à petites cellules
impact of Cisplatin on the Expression of Immune Check-Point PD-1/PD-L1 in Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
No full textMalgré les nombreux progrés réalisés ces dernières années dans la prise en charge thérapeutique du cancer broncho-pulmonaire, cette pathologie reste la première cause de décès lié au cancer dans le monde. L’enjeu majeur pour cette maladie est donc de développer de nouveaux traitements et d’optimiser l’utilisation des drogues existantes, en particulier les sels de platine. Les protocoles combinant des inhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaire avec des sels de platine est actuellement en plein essor malgré un certain manque en études précliniques. Dans ce travail, j’ai cherché à évaluer l'impact du cisplatine sur l'expression de PD-L1 en analysant des patients ayant reçu une chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante à base de cisplatine. Le traitement d'induction augmentait considérablement le marquage PD-L1 des cellules tumorales et immunitaires du microenvironnement. Vingt-deux patients présentaient une variation positive du pourcentage de cellules tumorales PD-L1+ après chimiothérapie néoadjuvante; dont 9 (23,1%) passant de <50% à ≥50% des cellules tumorales marquées. Nous avons également confirmé la régulation positive de PD-L1 par le cisplatine, tant au niveau de l'ARNm qu’au niveau protéique, in-vitro et in-vivo sur des souris nude et des souris immunocompétentes greffées par des tumeurs expérimentales issues de lignées cellulaires de cancer du poumon A549, LNM-R ou LLC1. L’up-régulation de PD-L1 par le cisplatine fait intervenir la voie de signalisation PI3K/AKT. De plus, l'administration combinée d'anticorps anti-PD-L1 (3 mg / kg) et de cisplatine (1 mg / kg) à des souris portant un carcinome pulmonaire réduisait significativement la croissance tumorale par rapport aux traitements en monothérapie et par rapport aux contrôles. Le cisplatine augmente donc précocément et durablement l'expression de PD-L1 et pourrait donc agir de manière synergique avec un blocage de PD-1 / PD-L1 pour améliorer la réponse tumorale aux traitements. En parallèle, nous avons pu développer une thérapie ciblée anti-neurotensine permettant de bloquer ses effets paracrines stimulants la prolifération, la croissance, et les capacités d’invasion des cellules de tumeurs pulmonaires. Les anticorps anti-neurotensine amélioraient également la sensibilité au cisplatine de tumeurs préalablement résistantes par des mécanismes qui impliquent probablement l’augmentation de l’influx et la diminution de l’efflux de platine au niveau de sa cible intra-nucléaire qu’est l’ADN. L’ensemble de ces résultats apportent du rationnel à la réalisation d’essais cliniques impliquant le cisplatine et visant par différents biais à améliorer l’efficacité de traitements systémiques de cancers broncho-pulmonaires non à petites cellules.Despite many advances in the recent years in the therapeutic management of bronchopulmonary cancer, it remains the leading cause of death linked to cancer in the world. The major challenge for this disease is therefore to develop new treatments and optimize the use of existing drugs, in particular platinum salts. The number of clinical protocols testing combined therapies including immune check-point inhibitors and platinum salts is currently increasing in lung cancer treatment, however preclinical studies and rationale are often lacking. Here, we evaluated the impact of cisplatin treatment on PD-L1 expression analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics of patients who received cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and showed that cisplatin-based induction treatment significantly increased PD-L1 staining in both tumor and immune cells from the microenvironment. Twenty-two patients exhibited positive PD-L1 staining variation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy; including 9 (23.1%) patients switching from <50% to ≥50% of stained tumor-cells. We also confirmed the up-regulation of PD-L1 by cisplatin, at both RNA and protein levels, in nude and immunocompetent mice bearing tumors grafted with A549, LNM-R, or LLC1 lung cancer cell lines. Up-regulation of PD-L1 by cisplatin involved the PI3K / AKT signaling pathway.The combined administration of anti-PD-L1 antibodies (3mg/kg) and cisplatin (1mg/kg) to mice harboring lung carcinoma significantly reduced tumor growth compared to single agent treatments and controls. Overall, these results suggest that cisplatin treatment could synergize with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to increase the clinical response, in particular through early and sustainable enhancement of PD-L1 expression. Simultaneously, we were able to develop a targeted anti-neurotensin therapy to block its paracrine effects which stimulate proliferation, growth, and metastatic potential of lung tumor cells. Anti-neurotensin antibodies also improved the sensitivity to cisplatin of previously resistant tumors by mechanisms which probably involve increased influx and decreased efflux of platinum at the intra-nuclear level where resides its target DNA. All of these results provide a rationale for carrying out clinical trials involving cisplatin and aiming, by various ways, to improve the effectiveness of systemic treatments for non-small cell broncho-pulmonary cancers
Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed’s Universal Performance of French Citizenship and Muslim Brotherhood
No full textIn this chapter, I present the life and work of Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed, who is the founder of three non-profit associations over the past several years: Les Enfants du Sida (2006), Homosexuels musulmans de France (HM2F) (2010), and Musulman-es Progressistes de France (2012). He is also the author of Révoltes extraordinaires: un enfant du sida autour du monde (2011) and Le Coran et La Chair (2012), and co-author of Queer Muslim Marriage (2013). During the last few years, the French media have covered his same-sex marriage in Cape Town to husband Qiyaam Jantjies-Zahed in 2011, the publication of his book, Le Coran et La Chair in 2012, as well as and his creation of La Mosquée inclusive de l’Unicité, the first “gay friendly” or inclusive mosque in Paris, in 2012.</p
Les defis du developpement local au Senegal
No full textThis book is an uncompromising analysis of Senegal's decentralisation policy in rural areas. It discusses the state's inability to promote local development, despite this being its main raison d'?tre in a context of poverty. To identify reasons for the shortcomings, the author goes beyond policy statements and explores, sociologically, the compatibility of the behaviour and the cultural context of actors with the pursuance of local development objectives. Yet, there are indeed solutions to the actors' lethargy and to the weak coverage of the initiatives undertaken. The solutions can be found in the methodical and civic mobilisation around more ambitious actions that are more adapted to receptive localities, though opened to modernity and perfectly anchored in the culture for positive results. Rosnert Ludovic Alissoutin holds a PhD in Law. Since 1995, he has been working as a consultant on development issues in Senegal and Africa, particularly local development issues. The particularity of his approach lies in the rejection of scientific exclusivism and recourse to a multi disciplinary, open and flexible analysis of the complexity of human development. It is this perspective that informed his doctoral thesis on La Gestion de l'eau en milieu aride, which discusses legal, anthropological, geographical, and sociological issues. For additional information on his profile and work, visit his website: http://www.ralissoutin.com
Les Amérindiens wayana et la mise en place du projet de Parc national guyanais
No full textThis article sums up the history of the project for a National Park in French Guiana and examines some of the most recent attempts to resolve the Amerindian territorial issue. Insofar as conservationist practice in Amazonia is founded on the premise that the Amerindians share the same heritage-preserving relationship to nature, the article reviews the animist foundations of these relationships. Furthermore Wayana society has already undergone major socioeconomic changes, which the author has attempted to relate to those likely to arise when the new national park is established.Cet article récapitule l'historique du projet de Parc national du sud de la Guyane et s'attarde sur quelques unes des tentatives les plus récentes pour résoudre la question territoriale amérindienne. Dans la mesure où la pratique conservationniste en Amazonie s'appuie sur le postulat que les Amérindiens partageraient avec elle un même rapport patrimonial à la nature, les fondements animistes de ces rapports sont réexaminés. La société wayana étant traversée par de nombreux bouleversements socio-économiques, certains d'entre eux sont ensuite reliés à ceux que l'on peut attendre de la mise en place future du parc.Leprêtre Ludovic. Les Amérindiens wayana et la mise en place du projet de Parc national guyanais. In: Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 40ᵉ année, bulletin n°1-2,1998. Conserver, gérer la biodiversité : quelle stratégie pour la Guyane ? sous la direction de Marie Fleury et Odile Poncy. pp. 559-576
Data and Software of "Development of a Geometric Modeling Strategy for the Generation of Representative Unit Cells in 2D Braids"
No full text<h1><strong>Id: Data of following publication</strong></h1>
<p>title = "Development of a Geometric Modeling Strategy for the Generation of Representative Unit Cells in 2D Braids",<br>journal = "",<br>pages = "",<br>year = "",<br>issn = "",<br>doi = "",<br>author = "José Rothkegel, Benjamin Renson, Michael Bruyneel, Ludovic Noels"</p>
<p>Data doi on 10.5281/zenodo.10829042</p>
<h1>pyRVE</h1>
<h2><a href="#python-code-for-geometrical-generator-for-braided-composites-rve"></a><em>Python Code for Geometrical Generator for Braided Composites RVE</em></h2>
<p>pyRVE is a code written in <em>Python</em> using the <em>GMSH API</em> that generates the Representative Unit Cell (RUC) of braided composites. It allows the generation of the RUC of triaxial braided for <em>Diamond</em> and <em>Regular</em> patterns.</p>
<h2><a href="#requirements"></a>Requirements</h2>
<p>To run, it requires:</p>
<ul>
<li>The GMSH Python API, which must be built with OpenCascade support.
<ul>
<li>Choose a local installation directory; <code>CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=HOME/local/gmsh</code>, and <code>GMSHPY_INSTALL_DIRECTORY=HOME/local/gmsh</code> e.g.;</li>
<li>Make that directory part of your <code>export PYTHONPATH=PYTHONPATH</code>.</li>
<li>After compiling use <code>make install</code>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The CM3 app dG3D if the final RVE homogenized solution is needed (<a href="https://gitlab.onelab.info/cm3/cm3Libraries">https://gitlab.onelab.info/cm3/cm3Libraries</a>).</li>
<li>Make sure that the latest version of OpenCascade (OCCT) is used. Current used version in occt-V7.8.0.</li>
</ul>
<h2><a href="#usage"></a>Usage</h2>
<h3><a href="#file-structure"></a>File Structure</h3>
<p>A typical run case must have a file structure, where:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>brd</code>: the files <code>.brd</code> and <code>.brep</code> are located here. The <code>.brd</code> is a backup of the <code>braidClass</code> instance used in the model saved using <code>pickle</code>, the <code>.brep</code> is the Boundary Representation file that can be opened with <em>GMSH</em>.</li>
<li><code>csv</code>: the <code>.csv</code> file saved here is the initial output of the code. It contains the actually used dimensions and the final cover factor of the braid.</li>
<li><code>data</code>: It contains <code>.csv</code> files with the material properties and the dimensions of the tows. The original model dimensions are read from here.</li>
<li><code>dir</code>: In the case of running the RVE homogenization, the directions of the tow fibers are stored here. They are saved for post processing.</li>
<li><code>msh</code>: the mesh file <code>.msh</code> obtained after the geometry geneartion is stores here.</li>
<li><code>png</code>: in the case of automatic post processing, png files are stored here.</li>
<li><code>res</code>: this folder is used to store the homogenization results. They have to be moved here.</li>
<li><code>stp</code>: if acitvated, a <code>.stp</code> file of the geometry is stored here</li>
<li><code>svg</code>: the projection of the geometry on the <em>x-y</em> plane is stored here.</li>
<li><code>vtk</code>: A copy of the mesh file without the matrix mesh is sotred here as a `.vtk`` file.</li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="#how-to-run"></a>How to Run</h3>
<p>We will consider the current file structure to run the example in 000_Base. To run the code, it can be called from the command prompt as</p>
<div>
<pre><code>python3 ../../source/mainRVE.py --name <i> --pattern <pattern></code></pre>
</div>
<p>In this case, the <code>--name</code> refers to the index that will be given to the model, where <code><i></code> must be changed to an integer and <code>--pattern</code> refers to the wanted pattern to be used, where <code><pattern></code> must be changed to either <code>dia</code> or <code>reg</code>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Note: <code><code>--name</code>cat</code> can also be used to reproduce the regular pattern benchmark of the paper. In that case, the volume fraction of fiber in the tows is hard coded as the provided value in the reference (i.e. 0.86). For other cases, the volume fraction is evaluated from the tow cross-sections.</p>
<p>Note: <code>mainRVE.py</code> must be accesible from the directory where the case is being run. This example shows the usage of the current file structure.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3><a href="#all-command-line-options"></a>All Command Line Options</h3>
<p>The code can be run using further options that serve different purpouses, some serving pre processing needs and other serving run administration. The different command line options are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Required:
<ul>
<li><code>--name</code> : it gives a suffix to the run model. It is usually an integer.</li>
<li><code>--pattern</code> : indicates the type of pattern to be used to build the geometry. The two current options are <code>dia</code> for diamond and <code>reg</code> for regular.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Optional
<ul>
<li><code>-dG3D</code>: it indicates that the homogenization of the generated RUC is to be perfomed.</li>
<li><code>-GMSH</code> : it indicates that GMSH must be open upon competion of the generation of the mesh.</li>
<li><code>-loadModel</code> : it will try to load a premade model. It will ignore <code>--pattern</code>.</li>
<li><code>--rndPrm</code> : it will generate randomized geometrical parameters. It can be used to generate batches of results. It takes an argument that can be <code>2</code>, <code>4</code> or <code>6</code>. Currently, <code>2</code> gives a random value for <code>s_axial</code> and <code>theta</code>, <code>4</code> randomizes the same as <code>2</code> and adds <code>h_axial</code> and <code>h_bias</code>, and <code>6</code> randomizes the same as <code>4</code> and adds <code>w_axial</code> and <code>w_bias</code>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Pre-Processing
<ul>
<li><code>-refCF</code>: it tells the code to generate a grid of values for <code>s_axial</code> and <code>theta</code> where only the cover factor is obtained. It is meant for posterior graphing purposes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="#examples"></a>Examples</h3>
<p>Following the run options, a few examples are indicated</p>
<ul>
<li>A basic mesh generation run for the basic data, considering a <strong>regular pattern</strong>, for a model named <strong>2</strong>:</li>
</ul>
<div>
<pre><code>python3 ../../source/mainRVE.py --name 2 --pattern reg</code></pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>The generation of the cover factor data and export, considering a <strong>regular pattern</strong>:</li>
</ul>
<div>
<pre><code>python3 ../../source/mainRVE.py --pattern reg -refCF</code></pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>A run for the modified basic data, where the <strong>2</strong> parameters are modified <em>randomly</em>, considering a <strong>regular pattern</strong>, for a model named <strong>2</strong>:</li>
</ul>
<div>
<pre><code>python3 ../../source/mainRVE.py --name 2 --pattern reg --rndPrm 2</code></pre>
</div>
<ul>
<li>A run, where model <strong>2</strong> already exists in <code>brd</code> folder but not the <code>.msh</code> and <code>.vtk</code> files:</li>
</ul>
<div>
<pre><code>python3 ../../source/mainRVE.py --name 2 -loadModel </code></pre>
</div>
<h2><a href="#code-structure"></a>Code Structure</h2>
<p>The code is implemented into Python files, where <code>mainRVE.py</code> runs the whole code. The files are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Braid:
<ul>
<li><code>braidClass.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>bzrPairClass.py</code> :</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Geometry
<ul>
<li><code>bezrClass.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>bilnClass.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>patchClass.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>pntSetClass.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>pointClass.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>sctnClass.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>stripeClass.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>surfClass.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>surfOffClass.py</code> :</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Material:
<ul>
<li><code>chamis.py</code> :</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Tools:
<ul>
<li><code>dataIO.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>postDirection.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>tool.py</code> :</li>
<li><code>toolData.py</code> :</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>curveClass.py</code> :*</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
Learning Dynamic Author Representations with Temporal Language Models
No full textInternational audienceLanguage models are at the heart of numerous works, notably in the text mining and information retrieval communities. These statistical models aim at extracting word distributions, from simple unigram models to recurrent approaches with latent variables that capture subtle dependencies in texts. However, those models are learned from word sequences only, and authors' identities, as well as publication dates, are seldom considered. We propose a neural model, based on recurrent language modeling, which aims at capturing language diffusion tendencies in author communities through time. By conditioning language models with author and temporal vector states, we are able to leverage the latent dependencies between the text contexts. This allows us to beat several temporal and non-temporal language baselines on two real-world corpora, and to learn meaningful author representations that vary through time
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