1,720,974 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Virus identification in immunocompromised patients with unexplained diseases
No full textLes patients présentant un déficit immunitaire primitif ou secondaire peuvent être infectés par un large panel de pathogènes, opportunistes ou non, entrainant des symptômes parfois atypiques et avec une expression clinique retardée suite à la primo-infection, ce qui rend le diagnostic de ces infections particulièrement difficile. Bien que les techniques de culture ou de PCR universelle pour le diagnostic des infections bactériennes soient souvent à large spectre, la recherche de virus est ciblée, ce qui limite la liste des virus détectables aux virus pathogènes les plus communs. Dans ce contexte, certaines pathologies qui pourraient avoir une étiologie virale restent inexpliquées. La métagénomique (mNGS) permet l'identification non ciblée d'un large éventail d'agents pathogènes, y compris les virus rares ou nouveaux qui ne sont pas détectés avec les techniques conventionnelles. L'analyse mNGS est reconnue comme un outil de diagnostic précieux, cependant les performances de cette analyse dans le cadre du soin et ses indications les plus pertinentes sont mal définies. L'objectif de cette étude est d'identifier des virus impliqués dans certaines pathologies inexpliquées notamment hépatiques du patient immunodéprimé par mNGS et d'identifier des indications de l'analyse mNGS pour le diagnostic des infections virales. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence une nouvelle pathologie associée à Aichi virus chez six patients présentant un déficit immunitaire primitif. Nous avons également apporté un faisceau d'arguments en faveur du lien causal entre l'infection persistante par le virus et la pathologie hépatique chronique, grâce à la mise au point de techniques de RT-PCR, d'hybridation in situ et de génotypage à façon. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail nous avons identifié un nouveau Circovirus, Human circovirus 1, chez une patiente adulte greffée cœur-poumon présentant une hépatite aiguë inexpliquée. Nous avons également exploré le lien causal entre ce virus et la pathologie en développant des techniques moléculaires à façon. Enfin dans la troisième partie de ce travail, nous avons analysé les résultats de trois années d'activité de mNGS réalisée prospectivement dans le cadre du diagnostic dans notre centre. Cette étude nous a permis d'identifier un intérêt diagnostic majeur du mNGS chez les patients immunodéprimés (i) pour la détection de pathogènes opportunistes, (ii) en cas de symptômes atypiques ou (iii) dans le cas du diagnostic différentiel avec une pathologie inflammatoire ou dysimmunitaire. Cette étude nous a aussi permis de classer les prélèvements en fonction de leur rentabilité diagnostique pour l'analyse par mNGS, élevée pour les selles et faible pour le liquide céphalorachidien. En effet nous avons montré l'intérêt de l'analyse par mNGS des tissus cérébraux par rapport au liquide céphalorachidien en cas de symptômes neurologiques inexpliqués. L'analyse des selles par mNGS chez des patients présentant un déficit immunitaire primitif et des hépatites inexpliquées pourrait également être une indication de l'analyse mNGS. L'ensemble de ce travail a permis d'affiner le positionnement du mNGS au sein de l'arsenal disponible pour le diagnostic des infections virales.Patients with primary or secondary immune deficiency may be infected by a wide range of pathogens, opportunistic or not, resulting in symptoms that are sometimes atypical and delayed following primary infection, making the diagnosis challenging. Although cultures and universal PCR allow for broad-spectrum analysis of bacterial microorganisms, conventional tests in virology consist of targeted pathogen-specific nucleic acids, antigens, or antibodies detection, which limits the list of detectable viruses to the most common pathogens. In this context, certain diseases that could have a viral etiology remain of unknown origin. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) allows untargeted identification of a broad range of pathogens, including rare or novel viruses not detected by conventional techniques. Despite mNGS recognition as a valuable diagnostic tool for infections, the most relevant indications for this innovative strategy remain poorly defined. The aim of this study is to identify viruses involved in unexplained diseases of the immunocompromised patient, and to identify mNGS indications in the diagnosis of viral infections. First, we highlighted a novel disease associated with Aichi virus in 6 pediatric patients with primary immune deficiency. We also provided evidence for a causal link between chronic Aichi virus infection and the chronic hepatitis. Second, we identified an unknown species of circovirus, named Human circovirus 1, in the liver biopsy sample of a heart-lung transplant patient with unexplained acute hepatitis. To provide evidence of causality, we developed custom molecular assay based on mNGS results. Finally, we analyzed the results of three years of prospective mNGS activity as part of our diagnostic workflows. We observed three situations in which mNGS had a benefit in immunocompromised patients (i) in case of opportunistic infections restricted to immunodeficient patients, (ii) in case of infection with known pathogenic viruses in the immunocompetent patient but with atypical symptoms in terms of chronicity, severity and/or clinical presentation (iii) and in cases of infections confused with inflammatory or dysimmune manifestations. This study also allowed us to classify samples according to the proportion of pathogens detected, high for stools and low for cerebrospinal fluid. We showed that mNGS had higher odds of detecting a pathogenic virus on cerebral tissue compared to cerebrospinal fluid in patients with unexplained neurological symptoms. Results also suggest that mNGS performed on stool could be indicated in patients with primary immune deficiency and unexplained hepatitis. In conclusion, the results of this work contribute to refining the positioning of mNGS in the diagnostic workflow
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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