1,721,012 research outputs found
NATO SPS ASI G5535 CETRARO 2019 “DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND HEALTH CONCERNS OF TOXIC CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL AGENTS"
No full textWater pollution is becoming dramatic because of increasingly invasive and deleterious anthropic activities.
A significant number of contaminants called "Emerging Pollutants” (EPs) resulting from point and diffuse pollution are present in the aquatic environment.
These compounds, belonging to pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, surfactants, personal care products, analgesics, antibiotics, hormones and a whole range of other pharmaceutical compounds including anti-inflammatory, anti- diabetic, and antiepileptic drugs, are not commonly monitored but have the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse ecological and human health effects (1).
The threat lies in the fact that the environmental and human toxinology of most of these compounds has not been well addressed yet and many of these compounds are not removed by the conventional WasteWater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). Moreover, when these contaminants pass through the drinking water treatment systems undergo trasformations that generate derivative substances whose chemical properties remain undetermined. For this reason, it is necessary to try to find low-cost and easy-to-handle alternative methods to solve this vast problem.
Fluoroquinolones, which are powerful antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of diseases and infections are among the drugs most frequently found in environmental waters along with sulfonamides, tetracyclines and macrolides. The synergistic action of these drugs can cause what is known as "bacterial resistance", which is the cause of 700,000 annually people death in worldwide due to resistant infections according to Joint Research Center (JRC) 2018 report.. This means that if no action is taken the estimated annual deaths attributable to bacterial resistance will be 10 million by 2050.
Adsorption by using porous materials (like activated carbon, polymeric resins, natural clay and organoclay complex adsorbents) was found to be one of the most simple, efficient, cost-effective, flexible methods to remove fluoroquinolonesin the wastewater treatment process. However, this technique does not lead to the complete removal of parent chemicals and their degradation products and, consequently, other treatments are needed for their mineralization.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) can be a good choice because, basically, involve the generation of highly reactive free radicals, which convert the organic contaminants into final non-toxic by-products.
Among the various semiconductors employed, TiO2 is the most preferable material for the photo-catalytic process (high photosensitivity, non-toxic nature, large band gap, chemical stability and low cost).
In this research the photocatalytic activity of this semiconductor immobilized onto the surface of glass borosilicate tubes was evaluated on levofloxacin (trade name Levaquin and other), which is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections including acute bacterial sinusitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, chronic prostatitis, and some types of gastroenteritis. Kinetics of photoreactions were determined in ultrapure and ground water samples spiked with levofloxacin and photoproducts where identified by liquid chromatography coupled with micrOTOF-Q-II-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS, Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen)
FLUOROQUINOLONES IN WATER: REMOVAL ATTEMPS BY INNOVATIVE AOPS
Full text linkThe photocatalytic activity of TiO2 semiconductor immobilized onto the surface of glass borosilicate tubes was evaluated for measuring levofloxacin, which is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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