7 research outputs found
A ‘NEW NORMAL’ OF CODE-SWITCHING: COVID-19, THE INDONESIAN MEDIA AND LANGUAGE CHANGE
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has changed behavioural norms and how people conceptualise everyday life. It has led to prolific use of specific terminology that is new or was previously outside the lexical boundaries of common use. Terms like ‘social distancing’, ‘lockdown’ and ‘new normal' were previously jargon limited to specialist fields. The COVID-19 pandemic which spread globally in 2020 has led to great social change and an associated lexical influence. To study this phenomenon, we examine the lexical effects of COVID-19 on the Indonesian language, through analysis of two well-known Indonesian national newspapers – Kompas and Suara Pembaruan, for the month of May 2020. This was at a time of growing awareness of COVID-19 in Indonesia, that included a partial lockdown in Jakarta. As such, there was a great deal of attention to COVID-19 in the mass media. To study this, we apply quantitative content analysis to the sample data to identify the range and frequency of words borrowed from English. We examine this use of code-switching to also undertake qualitative analysis, exploring the various socio-linguistic dimensions of those borrowed terms. Some usage was found to address lexical gaps in Indonesian language, where other usage appeared more for stylistic, emphatic purposes, drawing on the semiotic power of English in the Indonesian context. Code-switching reiteration was particularly prominent in the sample data. We argue that through code-switching reiteration, the print media can introduce new foreign vocabulary to Indonesian readers, which subsequently generates opportunities for language change. COVID-19 has expedited this process, meaning that there has been an increased likelihood of Indonesian language change during 2020
Pronominal choice: Indonesian diglossic code-switching on the Kick Andy show
No full textIndonesian language contains a variety of pronouns and pronoun substitutes which enable speakers to position themselves in a variety of ways in relation to others for communicative purposes. Factors such as social standing, age, gender and cultural background influence pronominal choice but also reflect language alternation between standardised formal and informal Indonesian, a phenomenon known as diglossic code-switching. To study this, we examine the effects of pronominal choice by speakers on an episode of the popular Indonesian television talk show, Kick Andy. We first apply quantitative Discourse Analysis to sample conversations to identify the range of pronominal choice by speakers and instances of diglossic and English code-switching. Next we examine the use of diglossic code-switching through qualitative Conversation Analysis, to explore how speakers index themselves and others through individual linguistic choices of pronoun selection. In this study, we apply social positioning theory as a useful framework to analyse these dynamics. We detail how pronouns reflect social positioning of speakers and serve as a key indicator of societal power dynamics that broadly link to cultural norms. Our study contributes to sociolinguistic literature arguing that pronominal choice in Indonesian language is closely linked to diglossic code-switching.
Code-Switching and Linguistic Diversity in Contemporary Indonesian Language
No full textThis research explores the linguistic phenomenon of code-switching in contemporary Indonesian language with a particular focus on the diverse effects of English influence. It is argued that code-switching is an important resource in the daily communication of Indonesian language users and heightened use of code-switching both enriches and diversifies the Indonesian language and associated identity positions.</p
Regulatory Opinion: 2016 in Review
No full textAs the new year arrives, The Regulatory Review would like to reflect on the many important regulatory developments and debates that occurred in the United States and around the world in 2016. We also want to recognize some of the excellent work we had the privilege to feature on The Regulatory Review this past year. From Monday, December 26th through Wednesday, December 28th, we are presenting the top 50 essays published on The Regulatory Review over the past 12 months, based on the number of page views. Today we feature, in alphabetical order by author, the top Opinion essays from 2016. Visit our “Regulatory Year in Review” series main page for information about the top news and analysis essays and series. Reeve T. Bull (Administrative Conference of the United States) | Monday, June 20 External and internal capture may be reduced through a more logical division of labor between Congress and agencies. Mark Calabria (Cato Institute) | Thursday, June 23 When a regulation’s benefits exceed its costs, simplicity and interdisciplinary processes are essential to reducing capture. Daniel Carpenter (Harvard University) | Wednesday, June 22 Regulatory capture, neither inevitable nor a death trap for agencies, must be reduced to advance public policy goals. Christopher Carrigan (George Washington University) & Stuart Shapiro (Rutgers University) | Monday, July 25 Earlier and less burdensome regulatory impact analyses would lead to more transparent, better regulatory decisions. Cary Coglianese (University of Pennsylvania Law School) | Tuesday, November 15 Citizens and their leaders must strive to work together to solve problems and improve social and economic conditions. Cary Coglianese (University of Pennsylvania Law School) | Monday, May 16 Scholar examines what a world of regulation by robot might look like—an innovation that could be just around the corner. Cary Coglianese (University of Pennsylvania Law School) | Tuesday, July 5 Regulatory capture is hard to pin down, its elusiveness stemming from four principal factors. Peter Conti-Brown (The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania) | Thursday, April 21 New federal authority surrounding stress tests means banking supervisors take a back seat to regulators. Susan Dudley (George Washington University) | Monday, July 4 Rent-seeking and profit-seeking behavior provide valuable insights into the concept of regulatory capture. Adam M. Finkel (University of Michigan School of Public Health) | Monday, October 3 Despite its wide-ranging capabilities, OSHA has often let its detractors have their way. To combat this, it should enlist partners in all directions. Jason Furman (Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers) | Monday, June 13 Curbing excessive economic rents might bolster productivity and address rising inequality. Brandon L. Garrett (University of Virginia School of Law) | Tuesday, June 21 Holding companies accountable for crimes is essential, yet more must be done to end “too big to jail” concerns. John D. Graham (Indiana University Bloomington) & Paul R. Noe (American Forest & Paper Association) | Tuesday, April 26 A 2009 court decision could spur more cost-benefit analysis in the regulatory process. John D. Graham (Indiana University Bloomington) & Paul R. Noe (American Forest & Paper Association) | Tuesday, September 26 Cost-benefit analysis is the most preferable form of analysis, and it should continue to be employed for important regulatory decisions. Richard L. Hasen (University of California, Irvine, School of Law) | Wednesday, April 20 Recent court rulings, bureaucratic failings, and political conflict have loosened campaign finance rules. Allison K. Hoffman (UCLA School of Law) | Monday, July 11 Zubik v. Burwell highlights thorny issues surrounding Obamacare’s contraceptive coverage requirement. Donald C. Langevoort (Georgetown University Law Center) | Tuesday, August 2 Firms vary considerably in how they interpret regulatory commands and signals, posing enforcement challenges. Mike Lee, U.S. Senator (R-Utah) | Thursday, June 16 Closer congressional supervision can prevent special interests from dominating the regulatory process. Brian F. Mannix and Susan Dudley (George Washington University) | Monday, October 24 Experts argue that Donald Trump’s focus on jobs and worker impacts instead of the application of the net social benefits test is imprudent. Wendell Pritchett (University of Pennsylvania Law School) | Tuesday, April 5 Those seeking to reform the regulation of higher education must understand the available tools. Jed. S. Rakoff (United States District Court Judge for the Southern District of New York) | Monday, September 26 Prosecutions of individual corporate criminals can, in fact, be successful—and are critical for attaining justice. Amy Sinden (Temple University Law School) | Monday, September 26 Recent Court decisions have not created a presumption in favor of formal cost-benefit analysis. David Spence (University of Texas at Austin) | Monday, July 18 Two Supreme Court decisions raise questions about the role of states in emerging electricity markets. Jim Tozzi (Center for Regulatory Effectiveness) | Friday, January 8 Regulatory expert highlights the “second most important institutional feature of the regulatory state.” W. Kip Viscusi (Vanderbilt Law School) | Monday, November 14 E-cigarettes are less dangerous than is generally believed, posing a unique information challenge for regulators. John Walke (Natural Resources Defense Council) | Monday, May 2 Recent proposed legislation may weaken key regulatory and law enforcement mechanisms. Christopher Walker (Ohio State University Moritz College of Law) | Monday, April 25 Recent cases and proposed legislation reveal decreasing deference to agencies’ interpretation of their own regulations. Elizabeth Warren, U.S. Senator (D-Mass.) | Tuesday, June 14 The right regulatory reforms can level the playing field between the public and powerful corporate players. Sheldon Whitehouse, U.S. Senator (D-R.I.) | Wednesday, June 15 It is time for government to stop private interests from gaining improper influence over regulators
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Regulatory Opinion: 2016 in Review
No full textAs the new year arrives, The Regulatory Review would like to reflect on the many important regulatory developments and debates that occurred in the United States and around the world in 2016. We also want to recognize some of the excellent work we had the privilege to feature on The Regulatory Review this past year. From Monday, December 26th through Wednesday, December 28th, we are presenting the top 50 essays published on The Regulatory Review over the past 12 months, based on the number of page views. Today we feature, in alphabetical order by author, the top Opinion essays from 2016. Visit our “Regulatory Year in Review” series main page for information about the top news and analysis essays and series. Reeve T. Bull (Administrative Conference of the United States) | Monday, June 20 External and internal capture may be reduced through a more logical division of labor between Congress and agencies. Mark Calabria (Cato Institute) | Thursday, June 23 When a regulation’s benefits exceed its costs, simplicity and interdisciplinary processes are essential to reducing capture. Daniel Carpenter (Harvard University) | Wednesday, June 22 Regulatory capture, neither inevitable nor a death trap for agencies, must be reduced to advance public policy goals. Christopher Carrigan (George Washington University) & Stuart Shapiro (Rutgers University) | Monday, July 25 Earlier and less burdensome regulatory impact analyses would lead to more transparent, better regulatory decisions. Cary Coglianese (University of Pennsylvania Law School) | Tuesday, November 15 Citizens and their leaders must strive to work together to solve problems and improve social and economic conditions. Cary Coglianese (University of Pennsylvania Law School) | Monday, May 16 Scholar examines what a world of regulation by robot might look like—an innovation that could be just around the corner. Cary Coglianese (University of Pennsylvania Law School) | Tuesday, July 5 Regulatory capture is hard to pin down, its elusiveness stemming from four principal factors. Peter Conti-Brown (The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania) | Thursday, April 21 New federal authority surrounding stress tests means banking supervisors take a back seat to regulators. Susan Dudley (George Washington University) | Monday, July 4 Rent-seeking and profit-seeking behavior provide valuable insights into the concept of regulatory capture. Adam M. Finkel (University of Michigan School of Public Health) | Monday, October 3 Despite its wide-ranging capabilities, OSHA has often let its detractors have their way. To combat this, it should enlist partners in all directions. Jason Furman (Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers) | Monday, June 13 Curbing excessive economic rents might bolster productivity and address rising inequality. Brandon L. Garrett (University of Virginia School of Law) | Tuesday, June 21 Holding companies accountable for crimes is essential, yet more must be done to end “too big to jail” concerns. John D. Graham (Indiana University Bloomington) & Paul R. Noe (American Forest & Paper Association) | Tuesday, April 26 A 2009 court decision could spur more cost-benefit analysis in the regulatory process. John D. Graham (Indiana University Bloomington) & Paul R. Noe (American Forest & Paper Association) | Tuesday, September 26 Cost-benefit analysis is the most preferable form of analysis, and it should continue to be employed for important regulatory decisions. Richard L. Hasen (University of California, Irvine, School of Law) | Wednesday, April 20 Recent court rulings, bureaucratic failings, and political conflict have loosened campaign finance rules. Allison K. Hoffman (UCLA School of Law) | Monday, July 11 Zubik v. Burwell highlights thorny issues surrounding Obamacare’s contraceptive coverage requirement. Donald C. Langevoort (Georgetown University Law Center) | Tuesday, August 2 Firms vary considerably in how they interpret regulatory commands and signals, posing enforcement challenges. Mike Lee, U.S. Senator (R-Utah) | Thursday, June 16 Closer congressional supervision can prevent special interests from dominating the regulatory process. Brian F. Mannix and Susan Dudley (George Washington University) | Monday, October 24 Experts argue that Donald Trump’s focus on jobs and worker impacts instead of the application of the net social benefits test is imprudent. Wendell Pritchett (University of Pennsylvania Law School) | Tuesday, April 5 Those seeking to reform the regulation of higher education must understand the available tools. Jed. S. Rakoff (United States District Court Judge for the Southern District of New York) | Monday, September 26 Prosecutions of individual corporate criminals can, in fact, be successful—and are critical for attaining justice. Amy Sinden (Temple University Law School) | Monday, September 26 Recent Court decisions have not created a presumption in favor of formal cost-benefit analysis. David Spence (University of Texas at Austin) | Monday, July 18 Two Supreme Court decisions raise questions about the role of states in emerging electricity markets. Jim Tozzi (Center for Regulatory Effectiveness) | Friday, January 8 Regulatory expert highlights the “second most important institutional feature of the regulatory state.” W. Kip Viscusi (Vanderbilt Law School) | Monday, November 14 E-cigarettes are less dangerous than is generally believed, posing a unique information challenge for regulators. John Walke (Natural Resources Defense Council) | Monday, May 2 Recent proposed legislation may weaken key regulatory and law enforcement mechanisms. Christopher Walker (Ohio State University Moritz College of Law) | Monday, April 25 Recent cases and proposed legislation reveal decreasing deference to agencies’ interpretation of their own regulations. Elizabeth Warren, U.S. Senator (D-Mass.) | Tuesday, June 14 The right regulatory reforms can level the playing field between the public and powerful corporate players. Sheldon Whitehouse, U.S. Senator (D-R.I.) | Wednesday, June 15 It is time for government to stop private interests from gaining improper influence over regulators
Representations of Voodoo : the history and influence of Haitian Vodou within the cultural productions of Britain and America since 1850
No full textThis thesis is the first major investigation into the representations of Vodou
within the cultural productions of Britain and America. It also opens up
opportunities for further research to be undertaken in the representations of
Vodou, Haiti and the culture and religions of other Caribbean countries.
This thesis explores the representations of 'Voodoo,' the widely accepted and
recognised term for the re-imagined religion, in Britain and America since 1850.
The history of the Caribbean and Haiti is examined before considering the
influence that the religion of Haitian Vodou has had on cultural production.
Through a historical perspective the thesis will consider the evolution of Vodou
during the horrors of slavery. The historiographic representations form the basis
of the productions and are explored to contextualise Vodou in the British and
American imagination. All genres of literature are examined, from the first
mention of Vodou in the eighteenth century through to the present day. This is
followed by an examination of the cultural reproductions of Vodou in film,
animation, theatre and television to explore the diversity of the representations.
The wider societal influences are considered throughout this work to
contextualise the productions of 'Voodoo'.
This thesis argues that the cultural reproductions of Vodou since 1850 have not
changed greatly, despite various efforts to redress the misrepresentations, they
remain rooted in colonialism. It will argue that many of the cultural productions
are reliant on previous representations. They do not in the majority introduce
authenticity, instead opting for the more sensational approach. Many of the
representations will be shown to be derogatory to the religion, culture and people
of Haiti and the diaspora. This is despite Vodou as a religion having survived,
gained strength and continuing to thrive in the twenty-first century
P stones and provos : group violence in Northern Ireland and Chicago
No full textAlthough the government of the United States of America was established to protect the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness among all American citizens, this thesis argues intractable gang violence in inner-city Chicago has persistently denied these rights, in turn undermining fundamental (and foundational) American political values. Thus, gang violence can be argued to represent a threat to both civil order and state legitimacy. Yet, where comparable (and generally lower) levels of community-level violence in Northern Ireland garnered the sustained attention and direct involvement of the United Kingdom's central government, the challenge posed by gang violence has been unappreciated, if not ignored, by the American federal government. In order to mobilise the political commitment and resources needed to find a durable resolution to Chicago's long and often anarchic 'uncivil war', it is first necessary to politicise the problem and its origins. Contributing to this politicisation, this thesis explains why gang violence in Chicago has been unable to capture the political imagination of the American government in a way akin to paramilitary (specifically republican) violence in Northern Ireland. Secondly, it explains how the depoliticisation of gang violence has negatively affected response, encouraging the continued application of inadequate and largely ineffective response strategies. Finally, it makes the case that, while radical, a conditional agreement-centric peace process loosely modelled on that employed in Northern Ireland might offer the most effective strategy for restoring the sense of peace and security to inner-city Chicago lost over half a century ago
