1,720,968 research outputs found
Zinc status of those with type 2 diabetes compared to a healthy population: A systematic review.
No full textBackground: Zinc is vital to many physiological and biological functions in the human body. It is essential to many structural, catalytic and regulatory functions including the formation and stabilisation of insulin complexes. In addition to the link between zinc and insulin, having optimum zinc status can contribute to well-controlled diabetes. The main effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on zinc homeostasis is hypozincaemia, primarily due to hyperzincuria and to lesser extent decreased gastrointestinal reabsorption of zinc. However, the results on this are often contradictory displaying the need for more uniform analysis of the effects T2DM has on zinc status.
Objective: The aim of this project was to conduct a systematic review of cross sectional studies, comparing the zinc status of those with T2DM to a healthy population.
Methods: This systematic review follows the Cochrane design for systematic reviews. Data sources were English language studies in Ovid MEDLINE (R) 1946 to February 2016, Ovid Embase Classic + Embase 1947 to February 2016, SCOPUS and Web of Science core, with manual searches of in-text citations. Criteria for eligibility of studies included: studies must be cross-sectional investigating zinc status of subjects over the age of 18 years with T2DM in comparison to healthy subjects. Studies must include measures of serum/plasma or blood glucose, HbA1c or a combination and data on zinc status biomarkers (serum, plasma, hair, urine, nails, erythrocytes, zinc-related enzymes and dietary zinc).
Results: From the 13,258 studies identified, 29 of these met the eligibility criteria for the current systematic review. These studies came from 16 countries including; England, Pakistan, Iran, China, Nigeria, Turkey, Ghana, Egypt, Israel, Slovakia, Ireland, the USA, India, Austria, Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia. The majority of the studies measured zinc status through serum or plasma, followed by hair zinc and urinary zinc, with the remaining six studies measuring a combination of the afore mentioned biomarkers with the addition of erythrocyte zinc. Of the 26 studies that measured serum/plasma zinc, 21 concluded that those suffering from T2DM have lower zinc status than a healthy population and 17 stated that their results were significant (p<0.05). All studies that measured hair or erythrocyte zinc as a biomarker of zinc status showed that it was lower in those with T2DM. All of the remaining studies that measured urinary zinc status stated that it was higher in those with T2DM. We found a positive correlation with absolute HbA1c and serum/plasma zinc levels, p= 0.002.
Conclusion: This systematic review concludes that those with T2DM generally have a lower zinc status than the healthy population. Our study has highlighted that plasma, serum, hair, and erythrocyte zinc biomarkers are generally lower and urinary zinc is higher among those with T2DM, when compared to a healthy population. The central view throughout this review is that those suffering from T2DM are prone to hyperzincuria, which can distort the homeostasis of zinc in the body
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Zinc status of those with type 2 diabetes compared to a healthy population: A systematic review.
No full textBackground: Zinc is vital to many physiological and biological functions in the human body. It is essential to many structural, catalytic and regulatory functions including the formation and stabilisation of insulin complexes. In addition to the link between zinc and insulin, having optimum zinc status can contribute to well-controlled diabetes. The main effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on zinc homeostasis is hypozincaemia, primarily due to hyperzincuria and to lesser extent decreased gastrointestinal reabsorption of zinc. However, the results on this are often contradictory displaying the need for more uniform analysis of the effects T2DM has on zinc status.
Objective: The aim of this project was to conduct a systematic review of cross sectional studies, comparing the zinc status of those with T2DM to a healthy population.
Methods: This systematic review follows the Cochrane design for systematic reviews. Data sources were English language studies in Ovid MEDLINE (R) 1946 to February 2016, Ovid Embase Classic + Embase 1947 to February 2016, SCOPUS and Web of Science core, with manual searches of in-text citations. Criteria for eligibility of studies included: studies must be cross-sectional investigating zinc status of subjects over the age of 18 years with T2DM in comparison to healthy subjects. Studies must include measures of serum/plasma or blood glucose, HbA1c or a combination and data on zinc status biomarkers (serum, plasma, hair, urine, nails, erythrocytes, zinc-related enzymes and dietary zinc).
Results: From the 13,258 studies identified, 29 of these met the eligibility criteria for the current systematic review. These studies came from 16 countries including; England, Pakistan, Iran, China, Nigeria, Turkey, Ghana, Egypt, Israel, Slovakia, Ireland, the USA, India, Austria, Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia. The majority of the studies measured zinc status through serum or plasma, followed by hair zinc and urinary zinc, with the remaining six studies measuring a combination of the afore mentioned biomarkers with the addition of erythrocyte zinc. Of the 26 studies that measured serum/plasma zinc, 21 concluded that those suffering from T2DM have lower zinc status than a healthy population and 17 stated that their results were significant (p<0.05). All studies that measured hair or erythrocyte zinc as a biomarker of zinc status showed that it was lower in those with T2DM. All of the remaining studies that measured urinary zinc status stated that it was higher in those with T2DM. We found a positive correlation with absolute HbA1c and serum/plasma zinc levels, p= 0.002.
Conclusion: This systematic review concludes that those with T2DM generally have a lower zinc status than the healthy population. Our study has highlighted that plasma, serum, hair, and erythrocyte zinc biomarkers are generally lower and urinary zinc is higher among those with T2DM, when compared to a healthy population. The central view throughout this review is that those suffering from T2DM are prone to hyperzincuria, which can distort the homeostasis of zinc in the body
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Human Genome Diversity Project and the patenting of life: indigenous peoples cry out
No full textkoamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
