1,720,981 research outputs found
I programmi ambientali dei Giochi Olimpici Torino 2006: la valutazione dell'ecocompatibilità delle opere temporanee
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Effect of low-temperature long-time pre-treatment of wheat on acrylamide concentration in short dough biscuits
No full textIn April 2002, unexpected high levels of the neurotoxic and suspected carcinogen acrylamide
(AA) were found in many heated foods, mainly represented by cereal and potato derivatives.
Since then, due to the great consumption of dietary sources of AA among people of different
ages and in different countries, worldwide efforts have been carried out to reduce the formation
of the toxic molecule in foods. In this paper, the effect of a low-temperature long-time pretreatment
of wheat grains on AA formation in biscuits was investigated. Wheat grains were
subjected to heating at 1001C for 8 h and subsequently milled. The obtained flour was used to
prepare biscuits that were compared for AA content, texture and color with control samples
obtained by using flour from unheated wheat. The low-temperature long-time pre-treatment
was responsible for a great decrease (up to 42%) in AA levels in the biscuits, without causing
significant changes in the color and texture parameters. As the pre-treatment did not cause any
change in sugar and asparagine concentrations, such a reduction in AA concentration can be
attributed to a difference in the thermal effect generated in the biscuits obtained by using the
unheated and pre-heated flours. In fact, as the heating pre-treatment caused a 2% moisture
decrease in the flour, less time at the same temperature was required to obtain biscuits with
comparable moisture contents
L’effetto di diversi itinerari produttivi sulle caratteristiche qualitative di valerianella di IV gamma
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effect of radiofrequency assisted freezing on meat microstructure and quality
No full textFreezing can affect food quality inducing structural changes upon the formation of ice crystals at both intra and extracellular levels. Despite a number of different innovations in freezing technology, the issue still remains that of controlling crystallization processes and hence, ice crystals size. Beside traditional approaches to induce fast and ultra fast freezing, more recently different strategies based on pressure or ultrasound assisted freezing have been proposed. While the former is based on pressure/temperature drops to promote instant nucleation, the latter allows the size of ice crystals to be controlled by application of an acoustic stress. It is likely that similar effects can be expected as a consequence of the application of electromagnetic stresses, such as those deriving from radiofrequency (RF) treatments.
The present research was addressed to exploit water dipole rotation induced by low power RF to control ice crystal size during freezing. To this aim, freezing of pork meat was performed in a RF pilot equipment properly modified to allow food immersion in a liquid nitrogen spray. During freezing, continuous or pulsed RF treatments with low potential (2kV) were applied. Freezing under nitrogen flow was also performed as control. In the presence of RF, freezing was achieved in times comparable to those associated to conventional nitrogen flow freezing. The thawing losses of meat decreased in the order: control freezing > freezing + continuous RF > freezing + pulsed RF.
The analyses conducted on the microstructure of meat showed that the tissue exhibited a better cellular structure when RF was applied. Much less intercellular voids and cell disruption was observed. This was attributed to the ability of RF to depress the freezing point thus producing more nucleation sites. As compared to the control samples, RF frozen meat presented smaller ice crystals, which were mainly located at intracellular level
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