1,721,580 research outputs found
Patents as measures of exploration and exploitation strategy: The case of CVC investments
No full textThis paper enlarges the scope of inter-organizational learning and strategic renewal research to the ongoing debate on whether companies should mainly try to exploit current trajectories rather than explore new opportunities. Scholars studying exploration and exploitation have been highlighting for long the essential trade-offs firms make in undertaking these activities offering significant support for models in which exploration and exploitation need not always be competing activities, but can and should be complementary. Little is known, however, about the specific mechanisms that drive firms’ tendencies to engage in either activity or about whether and how they actually balance the two across organizational boundaries. Being an assortment of boundary spanning operations, the Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) context allows us to analyze how focal firms can articulate explorative and exploitative activities through internal and external resources. More precisely, we propose that firms could use CVC investments to resolve the exploration-exploitation tension overtime across their organizational boundaries. We test our theoretical model using patent and financial performance data for the entire population of U.S. public firms active in CVC investments over the period 1996-2006
La domanda pubblica di innovazione
No full textLa società europea contemporanea, avversa al rischio e riluttante
ai cambiamenti, attraversa un periodo complesso, in cui le
strutture organizzative che durante la seconda metà del secolo
scorso gettarono le basi del benessere diffuso sono messe a dura
prova e le aspettative di crescita ininterrotta non trovano più
riscontro nella realtà. Parallelamente emergono differenze sostanziali
tra la retorica celebrativa della politica riguardo le sfide
della “Knowledge Economy” e la quotidianità del sistema
competitivo che lamenta le esitazioni e s’interroga sul ruolo dello
Stato in rapporto al sistema economico.
Il cambiamento certamente fa paura e l’incertezza è nemica
dei mercati, tuttavia non è possibile ridurre il dibattito alla lacerante
dicotomia tra un modello interventista “dirigista” e una
“libera” rinuncia alla politica industriale. Le strategie di ieri devono
compiere un enorme salto evolutivo di fronte alla scala
globale delle sfide di oggi, è necessario riconoscere la centralità
strategica dell’innovazione, comunicare questa cultura vincente
e potenziarne gli strumenti applicativi.
La società tutta è costretta a trovare risposte nuove a fronte
di mutamenti radicali nella natura del progresso tecnologico e
nell’evoluzione delle economie, e in questo contesto si rendono
necessari nuovi approcci alla gestione dell’innovazione e alle
politiche industriali per riaffermare la nostra valenza competitiva
sullo scacchiere internazionale. In questo capitolo concentreremo
la nostra attenzione sul ruolo della domanda pubblica
come strumento di sostegno allo sviluppo d’innovazione
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Continuity, Change, and New Product Performance: The Role of Stream Concentration*
No full textProduct development teams often face the challenge of designing radically new products that cater at the same time to the revealed tastes and expectations of existing customers. In new product development projects, this tension guides critical choices about continuity or change concerning product attributes and team composition. Research suggests these choices interact, but it is not clear whether they are complements or substitutes and if the level of change in one should match or not the level of change in the other. In this article, we examine the interaction between product attribute change, team change, and a new team-level factor, which we term stream concentration, as it captures differences among team members in terms of familiarity with the knowledge domain of the new product being developed. We measure stream concentration as team members’ prior NPD experience within a given set of products and assess its impacts on the management of change in new product development projects using longitudinal data from the music industry. We analyze 2621 new product development projects between 1962 and 2008 involving 34,265 distinct team members. Results show that stream concentration is a critical factor in new product development projects that, together with product attributes and team composition, affects new product performance. We discuss implications for research and practice
Does VC backing affect brand strategy in technology ventures?
Full text linkResearch Summary: The resource-based view of the firm characterizes brands as important resources for firm growth and competitive advantage. Existing studies offer theory and evidence that venture capital (VC) backing enhances the growth of new technology ventures along different dimensions. It is not clear, however, whether and how VC backing affects the development of brand assets. In a study of VC-backed and non-VC-backed nanotechnology ventures in the United Kingdom, we find a positive association between VC backing and the development of brand assets. We also find that VC-backed technology ventures tend to create brand assets with a wider scope, which can be deployed across multiple different product-markets. Managerial Summary: Brand strategy is critical for the success of entrepreneurial firms and can be challenging for firms operating in nascent industries that aim to commercialize innovations stemming from general purpose technologies. Such firms face dilemmas on whether to diversify or not into different product-markets, how many brand assets to develop, and whether to leverage a brand asset across multiple product categories. In a study of nanotechnology ventures, we find that VC-backing can affect the development of brand strategy: VC-backed ventures tend to develop more brand assets compared with non-VC-backed ventures and tend to create brand assets with a wider scope, which can be deployed across multiple different product-markets
Litigation risks and firms innovation dynamics after the IPO
Full text linkAn initial public offering (IPO) is a critical event in a firm’s life cycle which can reshape its innovation strategy. Research suggests that after going public firms experience an increase in patent productivity. Our paper explores perceived litigation risks as a determinant of this outcome by examining US semiconductor firms. Results show that perceived patent litigation risks are positively associated with patent productivity after the IPO. Interestingly, we also find that the amount of capital raised during the IPO is positively associated with patent productivity after the IPO, successfully replicating previous findings on this relationship. These results are robust to model specifications where we attempt to account for the dynamics of self-selection of firms into IPO by considering matched control firms with similar pre-IPO characteristics, but that never went public
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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