423 research outputs found
Evaluation of new strategies to elicit neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1
No full textThe development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine must be considered one of the greatest biomedical challenges of today. The nature of the virus, characterized by immense variability as well as its tropism for the essential CD4+ T cells of the immune system, allows it to establish a chronic infection for years under constant immune selection pressure. Eventually the depletion of CD4+ T cells is so severe that the immune system fails and the host succumbs to AIDS. One of the most variable components of the virus is the external envelope glycoproteins, which mediate receptor binding and fusion. As the sole virally derived components facing the outside of the viral membrane, the envelope glycoproteins also represent the only target for neutralizing antibodies.Under the scope of this thesis we evaluate novel strategies to elicit neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1, using different envelope glycoprotein-based immunogens and different modes of delivery. By biochemical methods we characterize vaccine candidates for their structural and antigenic properties. In addition, we also investigate the ability of these candidates, administered by selected regimens, to induce immune responses against the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins in small animals (paper I) and in non-human primates (paper III).One of the major findings of this thesis is that the priming agent in combined prime-boost regimens can be utilized to shape the immune response in terms of specificity and T-helper bias of the CD4+ T cells without apparent detriment for the elicited neutralizing antibody response. In addition, we design a novel recombinant Semliki Forest virus vector, allowing for a ten-fold increase of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-secretion, as compared with the parental vector (paper II). We also show that the increased secretion is translated into increased immunogenicity in mice. This vector may be useful for future HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine studies.Finally we define the mechanism by which antibodies against the co-receptor binding site of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins are elicited. In a set of controlled experiments in non-human primates, rabbits and transgenic rabbits we definitively conclude that the in vivo presence of primate CD4 is critical for the elicitation such antibodies. This thesis provides new fundamental information of relevance to both natural HIV-1 infection and the development of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-based vaccines.List of scientific papersI. Forsell MN, Li Y, Sundbäck M, Svehla K, Liljeström P, Mascola JR, Wyatt R, Karlsson Hedestam GB (2005). Biochemical and immunogenic characterization of soluble human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein trimers expressed by semliki forest virus. J Virol. 79(17): 10902-14. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.17.10902-10914.2005 II. Forsell MN, McInerney GM, Dosenovic P, Hidmark AS, Eriksson C, Liljeström P, Grundner C, Karlsson Hedestam GB (2007). Increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env expression and antibody induction using an enhanced alphavirus vector. J Gen Virol. 88(Pt 10): 2774-9. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83060-0 III. Mörner A, Douagi I, Forsell MNE, Sundling C, Dosenovic P, Odell S, Dey B, Kwong PD, Voss G, Thorstensson R, Mascola JR, Wyatt RT, Karlsson Hedestam GB. (2008). HIV-1 Env trimer immunization of macaques and impact of priming with viral vector or stabilized core protein. [Submitted]IV. Forsell MNE, Dey B, Mörner A, Svehla K, Odell S, Högerkorp CM, Voss G, Thorstensson R, Shaw GM, Mascola JR, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Wyatt RT (2008). B cell recognition of the conserved HIV-1 co-receptor binding site is altered by endogenous primate CD4. [Accepted] https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000171 </p
Performativity and the Construction of Children's Citizenship in Backa Theatre's Staging of Lille Kung Mattias (2009/2010)
No full textThe aim of this article is to investigate and explain how performativity, as defined by J.L. Austin and Judith Butler, can be viewed as an important element within the narrative framework of Lille Kung Mattias (Little King Mattias), as performed by Backa Theatre in Gothenburg, Sweden, during the 20092010 season. Lille Kung Mattias, directed by Mattias Andersson, is based on the novel Król Macius ́ Pierwszy (1923) by Polish author Janusz Korczak, and has been performed for children aged 11 upwards. I explore how class, age and gender are »made« (and also fail to be made) performatively, and show how being a king is revealed as a performative act precisely then, when Mattias receives all the attire and the title but doesn’t move or talk like an adult king. Thus he fails to fulfil expectations. But thereafter, in terms that Butler uses, Mattias pushes the borders of what a king can be and do by iteratively »making« a new kind of king. In the end, the audience also change their behaviour by becoming an active part of the performance
Performativity and the Construction of Children’s Citizenship in Backa Theatre’s Staging of Lille Kung Mattias (2009/2010)
No full textSandra Grehn is a PhD candidate in Comparative Literature
at the University of Gothenburg. Her research interests are
theatre for children and young people, intersectional studies
and women playwrights during the end of the19th century.The aim of this article is to investigate and explain how
performativity, as defined by J.L. Austin and Judith Butler,
can be viewed as an important element within the narrative
framework of Lille Kung Mattias (Little King Mattias), as
performed by Backa Theatre in Gothenburg, Sweden, during
the 2009-2010 season. Lille Kung Mattias, directed by Mattias
Andersson, is based on the novel Król Macius´ Pierwszy (1923)
by Polish author Janusz Korczak, and has been performed for
children aged 11 upwards. I explore how class, age and gender
are »made« (and also fail to be made) performatively, and show
how being a king is revealed as a performative act precisely
then, when Mattias receives all the attire and the title but
doesn’t move or talk like an adult king. Thus he fails to fulfil
expectations. But thereafter, in terms that Butler uses, Mattias
pushes the borders of what a king can be and do by iteratively
»making« a new kind of king. In the end, the audience also
change their behaviour by becoming an active part of the
performance
Possibilities of improving cost accounting in example of OÜ Mattias Café
No full textKäesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli analüüsida OÜ Mattias Cafe kuluarvestuse olemust ja teha ettepanekuid ettevõtte kuluarvestuse täiustamiseks.
Tulenevalt eesmärgist on käesolevas bakalaureusetöös täidetud järgmisi uurimisülesandeid:
• Anda ülevaade kuluarvestuse teoreetilistest alustest
• Anda ülevaade OÜ Mattias Cafe majandustegevusest
• Iseloomustada ja analüüsida OÜ Mattas Cafe kuluarvestust.
• Teha ettepanekuid OÜ Mattias Cafe kuluarvestuse täiustamiseks
Bakalaureusetöö koosneb kahest peatükist. Töö esimeses peatükis on käsitletud kuluarvestuse teoreetilisi aluseid. Tuues ülevaade kuluarvestuse olemusest ja eesmärgist, kuluarvestuse mõistest ja arengust, kulude liigitamisest ja käitumisest ning kaasaegsetest kuluarvestussüsteemidest. Pikem ülevaates on esitatud traditsioonilisest ja tegevuspõhisest kuluarvestussüsteemist.
Bakalaureusetöö teine peatükk sisaldab OÜ Mattias Cafe tutvustust, ülevaadet ettevõttes toimuvast kuluarvestusest ja kuluarvestuse täiustamistest OÜ Mattias Cafes, kus on töö autor teinud ettepanekuid ettevõtte kuluarvestuse täiustamise võimalustest.
Ettevõte OÜ Mattias Cafe alustas oma tegevust 2005. aasta detsembris, avades Tartu linnas kohvik-restorani nimega Werner. Ettevõtte põhitegevusalaks oli toitlustamine. Praeguseks on sellest välja kujunenud Cafe-lounge Werner, mis koondab endasse järgmised kulukohad: kohviku, restorani, cateringi ja kondiitri. Ettevõttes töötab hetkel 47 inimest.
Konkreetset kaasaegset kuluarvestussüsteemi OÜ Mattias Cafes tegelikult ei eksisteerigi. Kui vaadelda bakalaureusetöö peatükis 1. toodud kolme peamist funktsiooni, mida kulude arvestamise süsteem peaks täitma, siis OÜ Mattias Cafe kulude arvestamist silmas pidades on autor seisukohal, et Kaplani ja Cooperi toodud kolmest funktsioonist täidab ettevõtte kuluarvestus ainult esimest funktsiooni. Ehk praeguse seisuga on võimalik selgelt hinnata vaid varusid. Isegi tööjõukulud jaotatakse juhtkonna poolt kinnitatud koenfitsientide alusel.
OÜ Mattias Cafes on siiani praegune kulude arvestamise praktika toiminud, kuid seoses planeeritud tootmismahu märkimisväärse suurenemisega on vajadus kuluarvestuse täiustamise järele. Praegune kuluarvestus ei võimalda saada detailset infot juhtimisotsuste langetamiseks, kuna sisaldab suure osa kulude kaudset jaotamist toodanguühikule.
Ettevõttes ei arvestata kulusid kulukohtade ehk allüksuste lõikes. Kulukohti on hetkel ettevõttes vaid üks- ettevõte tervikuna.
OÜ Mattias Cafes on oluline määratleda kulukohad, kinnistada kulukohtade koodid, mis annab juhtkonnale võimaluse saada infot selle kohta, millistes ettevõtte konkreetsetes osades kulutused tekivad ja milliste kulukandjatega antud kulukohad on seotud. Töö autori arvates võiks OÜ Mattias Cafe kulukohtadeks olla kohvik, restoran, pagar-kondiitri osakond, catering ja kontor.
Kulukohtade arvestuse jaoks tuleb ettevõttes kasutusel olevas kontoplaanis muudatusi teha. Täiendatud kontoplaanis hakkab kontonumbri viimane number märkima vastavat kulukohta. Kuludele, mida ei saa ühelegi kulukohale siduda, märgitakse kontonumbrile viimaseks numbriks 0.
Ettevõtte kui terviku majandustulemuse kujunemise jälgimiseks on vajalik arvestussüsteem, mis näitaks, kuidas see kujuneb erinevates kulukohtades. Ettevõttesisene arvestussüsteem peab olema ülesehitatud nii, et juhtkonnale vajalik objektiivne ja analüütiline informatsioon oleks kättesaadav, kergesti jälgitav ja õigeaegne.
Selleks, et leida objektiivset väärtust sellele, kui palju täpselt toote valmistamine ettevõttele maksma läheb, on vajalik lisaks otsekuludele vaadelda ka toodanguga kaudsemalt seotud kulude osakaalu. Selgitamaks välja, millised kulud OÜ Mattias Cafes on kulukohaga otseselt ning millised kaudselt seotud, koostas töö autor ettevõtte kulukohtadest lähtuva jääktulupõhise kasumi aruande, mis on koostatud nii, et oleks selge iga üksiku kulukoha tulemus ehk jääktulu.
OÜ Mattias Cafe’le koostatud jääktulupõhine kasumiaruanne, võimaldab välja selgitada kulud, mis on kulukohtadega otseselt seotud ning need, mis jaotuvad toodete vahel kaudselt ning vajavad seetõttu õigeid jaotusbaase. Jääktulupõhise aruande jaoks koondatakse üksuse ning allüksuste müügitulu, ja sellele vastavalt otse- ja kaudkulud.
Antud ettevõtte puhul on töö autor leidnud sobivaks kuluarvestussüsteemiks tegevuspõhise kuluarvestussüsteemi, millest oli juttu töö teoreetilises osas. Antud meetod on valitud põhjusel, et tootmis- ja teenindusettevõtte puhul on kulukohtade lõikes selgelt eristatavad erinevad tegevused, mis kulusid tekitavad ning seetõttu peab kulude jaotamisel arvestama erinevaid jaotusbaase.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö koostaja on välja töötanud näitliku ja lihtsustatud tegevuspõhise kuluarvestussüsteemi OÜ Mattias Cafe pagar-kondiitri osakonnale. Ühe osakonna valiku tingis asjaolu, et tegevuspõhise kuluarvestussüsteemi välja töötamine kogu ettevõttes kujuneks mahukamaks, kui bakalaureusetöö maht ette näeb. Töö autor on teadlik, et tegevuspõhist kuluarvestust on vaja rakendada kogu ettevõttes, et tagada kogu ettevõtte ja nende üksikosade efektiivsus.
Tegevuspõhise kuluarvestuse kohaselt on kulude põhjustajateks tegevused, mitte tooted. Toodete valmistamiseks kasutatakse tegevusi. See tähendab, et mitte kulud ei põhjusta tegevusi, vaid tegevused põhjustavad kulude teket.
Antud bakalaureusetöö on mõeldud selleks, et anda ülevaade OÜ Mattias Cafe kuluarvestusest ja selle täiustamise võimalustest. Lisaks et ettevõtte juhtkonnale esitada vajalik informatsioon, kuidas saaks ettevõtte kuluarvestust paremaks muuta.The purpose of this study is to analyze the essence of OÜ Mattias Café cost accounting and make proposals for improvements of company’s cost accounting.
By reference to the purpose the following explorative tasks are completed in this study:
• To give overview of the theoretical base of cost accounting
• To give overview of OÜ Mattias Café economic activities
• To characterize and analyze OÜ Mattias Café cost accounting
• To make proposals to improve OÜ Mattias Café cost accounting
This study consists of two chapters. In the first chapter cost accounting theoretical foundation is covered by bringing overview of cost accounting essence and purpose, definition and developments of cost accounting, cost classification and cost behavior and modern cost accounting system. More thorough overview is given on traditional and activity based cost accounting system.
The second chapter of this study includes OÜ Mattias Café introduction and overview of cost accounting taking place in the company, wherein the author brought out possibilities for improving the cost accounting in OÜ Mattias Cafe.
The Bachelor thesis is composed in Estonian , it contains 56 pages. In the Bachelor thesis there are 5 tables and 6 figures
”Jag tror att det var rätt i tiden” - En studie av beslutsprocessen bakom införandet av sprutbytesprogrammet
No full textAuthor: Mattias Olsson Title: “I think the time was right” A study of the decision making behind the needle exchange programme Supervisor: Eva-Malin Antoniusson Assessor: Mats Hilte The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to highlight the decision making process of the Scanian politicians regarding the local needle-exchange programme by using Kingdons agenda-setting theory. It is based upon interviews with five Scanian politicians. I have come to the conclusion that the HIV-epidemic was the one thing that enabled the making of the first programmes. The social services and doctors specialized in drug abuse were the two groups with the most influence on the political decision making
"Min sociala anknytning" : -Tolv tjejer om relationen till mobiltelefonen
No full textAbstract Title: “My social extension” – Twelve girls on the relationship with the mobile phone (“Min sociala anknytning” – Tolv tjejer om relationen till mobiltelefonen) Number of pages: 42 (43 including enclosure) Author: Mattias Köhlmark Tutor: Göran Svensson Course: Media and Communication Studies D Period: Spring semester 2006 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University. Purpose/Aim: To investigate the emotional aspect of mobile phones and the source of those emotions. Material/Method: The data presented stems from three unstructured focus groups with participants at the age of 16-19 years. Main results: The key findings largely supports Vincents theories that the emotional language guided towards mobile phones comes from the friends it allows us connect with. Also emancipation can be seen as a driving force behind these emotions. Keywords: mobile phone, mobility, absent present others, emancipation, cell phone, emotion, emotional language
”Ja, denna stig är stigarnas stig” : Taoistiska influenser i Vilhelm Ekelunds verk
No full textMattias Aronsson, ”Ja, denna stig är stigarnas stig”. Taoistiska influenser i Vilhelm Ekelunds verk (“Yes, this path is the path of paths”. Taoist influence in the works of Vilhelm Ekelund) In this article I show how Taoist philosophy has influenced the Swedish poet, essayist and aphorist Vilhelm Ekelund. I note that the author mentions the Taoist philosophers Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu and discusses their ideas on a couple of occasions in his later works (Atticism – Humanism, 1943; Plus salis–, 1945). Examples of such explicit influence can also be found in Ekelund’s private notebooks, posthumously published in two volumes: Hemkomst och flykt (1972) and Ur en scholaris’ verkstad (1974). I argue that Taoist philosophy implicitly influenced the Swedish author as early as the second part of the 1910’s – when he started to emphasize such principles as moderation, composure, dispassion and non-desire in his writing. I also discuss other important ideals which Ekelund shared with the Taoist philosophers, such as poverty, humility, simplicity and dishonour. Finally, I see a parallel in the anti-intellectual aspects of Taoist thinking and Ekelund’s use of the term misologi (misology), a word which often has positive connotations in his works. In Ekelund’s prose, as well as in the famous Taoist text Tao Te Ching, excessive intellectualism is frequently criticized
”Ja, denna stig är stigarnas stig” [Elektronisk resurs] : Taoistiska influenser i Vilhelm Ekelunds verk
No full textMattias Aronsson, ”Ja, denna stig är stigarnas stig”. Taoistiska influenser i Vilhelm Ekelunds verk (“Yes, this path is the path of paths”. Taoist influence in the works of Vilhelm Ekelund) In this article I show how Taoist philosophy has influenced the Swedish poet, essayist and aphorist Vilhelm Ekelund. I note that the author mentions the Taoist philosophers Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu and discusses their ideas on a couple of occasions in his later works (Atticism – Humanism, 1943; Plus salis–, 1945). Examples of such explicit influence can also be found in Ekelund’s private notebooks, posthumously published in two volumes: Hemkomst och flykt (1972) and Ur en scholaris’ verkstad (1974). I argue that Taoist philosophy implicitly influenced the Swedish author as early as the second part of the 1910’s – when he started to emphasize such principles as moderation, composure, dispassion and non-desire in his writing. I also discuss other important ideals which Ekelund shared with the Taoist philosophers, such as poverty, humility, simplicity and dishonour. Finally, I see a parallel in the anti-intellectual aspects of Taoist thinking and Ekelund’s use of the term misologi (misology), a word which often has positive connotations in his works. In Ekelund’s prose, as well as in the famous Taoist text Tao Te Ching, excessive intellectualism is frequently criticized.</p
Modellering av rotationssystem
No full textThis master thesis was conducted during the spring of 2014 at Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB in Örebro. The purpose of the thesis was to develop a simulation model of the rotation system for a hydraulic rock drill. In the future, the model will be used to investigate the phenomena called “jerky rotation”. In order to validate the simulation model a test bench was designed and tests were made. The main focus was to model the gerotor motor that is used to propel the rotation of the drill string. The model shows the pressure and flow variations that occur due to the geometry of the motor. Simple models of the rock and drill steel were developed to simulate the entire rock drill. Those models were also validated with test results. The results from the model of the motor are considered to be good enough to be used for future simulations of the rotation of the rock drill. However, in order to see the cause of “jerky rotation”, a better model of the hydraulic supply system for the gerotor is needed. A better model of the rock might also be needed.Detta examensarbete genomfördes under våren 2014 på Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB i Örebro. Syftet var att ta fram en simuleringsmodell av rotationssystemet för en hydraulisk bergborrmaskin. Modellen ska i framtiden användas för att undersöka fenomenet ”jerky rotation”. Under arbetet konstruerades en provbänk och mätningar gjordes för att validera simuleringsmodellen. Tyngden i arbetet lades på att göra en modell av den gerotormotor som används för att driva rotationen av borrsträngen. Modellen återger de variationer i tryck och flöde som uppstår på grund av motorns geometri. Enkla modeller för berg och borrstål konstruerades för att simulera hela borrmaskinen. Även dessa modeller validerades mot mätningar. Resultaten från motormodellen bedöms vara tillräckligt bra för att i framtiden kunna användas för att simulera rotationen vid bergborrning. För att kunna se vad som orsakar ”jerky rotation” behövs dock bättre simuleringsmodeller av det hydrauliska försörjningssystemet som driver gerotormotorn. Eventuellt behövs också en bättre bergmodell
Varför väljer anställda att stanna i en organisation? : Hur en stor svensk organisation med låg personalomsättning aktivt arbetar för att bibehållande anställda
No full textDå arbetsmarknaden numera kännetecknas av en hög rörlighet, där individer som ofta byterarbete, behöver organisationer förstå varför anställda väljer att stanna kvar. Syftet med studienär att öka förståelsen för varför anställda väljer att stanna i en organisation samt att dra lärdomarfrån hur en organisation aktivt arbetar med bibehållandet. Som underlag till analysen av studiens resultat identifierades, med hjälp av tidigare forskning, tre faktorer som anses påverka bibehållandet av anställda. Faktorerna har i tidigare forskning gett förklaring till personalomsättning och i enstaka fall varför anställda stannar kvar. Det empiriska materialet i studien bygger på nio intervjuer med anställda på ICA Sverige AB, varav fyra är HR-chefer. Utifrån resultatet identifierades en tillkommande faktor, intern rekrytering. Utifrån studiens slutsatser anses faktorerna arbetsklimat, passform, organisatoriskt stöd och internrekrytering ha betydande roll i varför anställda väljer att stanna kvar i en organisation
- …
