1,721,019 research outputs found
Distribution, ecology and management of Chromolaena odorata : proceedings of the third international Chromolaena workshop = Répartition, écologie et gestion de Chromolaena odorata : comptes rendus du troisième atelier international sur Chromolaena
No full textLa grande majorité des chercheurs et agronomes considèrent actuellement #Chromolaena odorata comme une "peste" végétale qu'il faut éliminer par tous les moyens. Après examen des publications existantes, l'auteur montre que ce "paradigme" ne repose pas sur une appréciation objective des qualités et défauts de cette plante, mais bien plutôt sur un réflexe de peur devant les capacités d'invasion très impressionnantes de #C. odorata. S'appuyant tant sur d'anciennes études agronomiques tombées dans l'oubli que sur des enquêtes en milieu paysan, l'auteur expose certaines recherches récentes qui tendent à montrer que #C. odorata pourrait augmenter notablement la fertilité chimique de l'horizon supérieur des sols acides tropicaux. Si ces résultats étaient confirmés, l'utilisation contrôlée de #C. odorata en agriculture, selon des modalités qui restent à mettre au point, pourrait contribuer à résoudre les problèmes soulevés par l'extension des sols acides et leur culture durable en Afrique Tropicale. L'auteur conclut en soulignant l'urgence d'un rééquilibrage des recherches au profit d'une évaluation objective des problèmes dans les différents systèmes de culture d'une part, d'une évaluation des potentialités de #C. odorata$ en agriculture d'autre part. Ces deux nouvelles orientations de recherches apparaissent comme des préalables indispensables au lancement de vastes et coûteux programmes de lutte. (Résumé d'auteur
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Fertilité du milieu et stratégies paysannes sous les tropiques humides
No full textL'expansion de #Chromolaena odorata, archétype des adventices envahissantes, globalement favorisée par la transformation du milieu forestier en Afrique et en Asie tropicales, est fortement dépendante des modes d'utilisation du milieu. Très importante dans les systèmes d'agriculture itinérante et d'élevage semi-extensifs, elle est réduite dans les systèmes d'agriculture permanente, hors dysfonctionnement de ces systèmes. Les impacts de l'invasion sur la fertilité du milieu sont eux-m^emes très différents. Positifs par les possibilités d'intensification du système qu'offrent les jachères à #Chromolaena odorata dans les systèmes de culture permanente, ils peuvent ^etre graves en cas de catastrophe naturelle ou de crise économique. Dans ce dernier cas,l'envahissement par #Chromolaena odorata traduit d'abord un problème temporaire de gestion du système. Hormis les systèmes agroforestiers, rien ne peut remplacer pour les paysans la rente for^et ; mais lorsqu'elle a disparu, il est fort possible que les formations à #Chromolaena odorata constituent le précédent cultural le plus favorable, en raison de la conservation, voire de l'amélioration de la fertilité du sol, que permettent ces formations. (Résumé d'auteur
Where are the trees outside forest in Brazil ?
No full textTrees outside forests (ToF) is often a misunderstood category. This is the case in Brazil as shown by the lack of data on ToF reported until now by the country. In this article, ToF are understood in relation to the FAO definition of forest because it is the definition used in Brazil for the National Forest Inventory. I provide a definition of ToF, detail the main sets as inferred from this definition, propose to focus on a category of ToF as an efficient and realistic first step towards the assessment of ToF countrywide, and I illustrate the diversity of ToF-based systems in Brazil, from relatively isolated trees in agroforestry fields to dense mixed tree formations that cannot be distinguished from forests on satellite images. A recent publication has placed Brazil as the world leader in terms of the total biomass carbon stored by one ToF set, trees on agricultural land. This result could stimulate the desire for Brazil to better assess not only trees on agricultural land but also trees on urban land, the two major sets of trees outside forests. The present paper can help those who will undertake this challenging and exciting task
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