1,720,954 research outputs found
Limitações constitucionais impostas à possibilidade de alteração das faixas de competência tributária
No full textA Constituição Federal, visando fazer face às despesas públicas voltadas à
satisfação das necessidades coletivas, outorgou à União, Estados, Distrito Federal e
Municípios, competência para instituição de tributos. As faixas de competência
tributária foram taxativamente definidas pelo Poder Constituinte Originário. As
espécies tributárias, os princípios e as imunidades, também disciplinadas em
patamar constitucional, delimitam o campo de competência de cada ente, razão pela
qual, referida aptidão, poderá ser exercida nos termos e limites em que foram
criadas. Cada ente político recebeu da Cata Magna seu campo de atuação em
matéria tributária, sendo-lhes vedado qualquer tipo de ampliação neste sentido.
Impende, no entanto, verificar, se há possibilidade de alteração e ou ampliação
destas faixas, estabelecidas originalmente, pelo Poder Constituinte Derivado. Cabe
ao Congresso Nacional, no exercício da função reformadora, alterar os preceitos
constitucionais, desde que, porém, respeitadas as denominas cláusulas pétreas do
sistema. Este trabalho, assim, objetiva apreciar esta possibilidade de alteração
legislativa, analisando, em especial, eventual afronta ao sistema federativo de
governo, à separação dos poderes, bem como direitos e garantias individuais, posto
que ligados diretamente ao exercício da competência tributária. Questão relevante,
ainda, para análise do assunto, reside na verificação de violação do direito de
propriedade. Figuraria a tributação como uma das hipóteses constitucionalmente
possíveis de afronta e ou exceção ao exercício deste direito fundamental? Qual a
conseqüência prático-jurídica de referida constatação? São, pois, questões cujas
respostas almejamos alcançar mediante a realização deste trabalhoThe Federal Constitution (Supreme Norm), aiming to provide resources for the public
expenses directed to support the general society needs, set to Union, States, Federal
District and Municipalities, the competence to institute taxes. The bounds and limits
of tax competence institution norms (field of action) were expressly and highly
specifically determined by the Originary Constituent Power. The tax types, the
principles (sustainability system rules) and the immunities (when the Constitution
frees the operation from taxation), which were also prescribed in the constitutional
level, delimitate the competence field of each Political Person, what indicates that the
competence power must be exercised within the bounds and limits established by
the Chart. Each Governmental Entity received from the Supreme Norm its field of tax
action, being prohibited any type of expansion. It s interesting, however, to verify if
there s any possibility of alteration or increase of theses bounds of competence
established formerly by the Derivative Constituent Power. It s up to the Brazilian
National Congress, in exercise of the Reform Function, altering the constitutional
precepts as long as the intangible and fundamental rights recognized in the system
are respected. Therefore, this scientific work has the scope to investigate this
possibility of legislative alteration, analyzing especially an eventual conflict with the
Federal Government System, the Separation of Powers of the three traditional
Branches (Legislative, Executive and Judiciary), as well as the fundamental rights,
since they are intimately connected to the exercise of the competence institution
norms. Another relevant question to the accomplishment of this subject is to examine
a possible violation of the property right. Can the taxation figures as one of the
possible constitutional hypotheses of conflict and/or exception of this fundamental
right? What is the pragmatical and juridical consequence for this observation?
Hence, these are the questions which answers this scientific work seek to conque
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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