1,720,977 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sifting the future from the past: a personal assessment of trends impacting the Australian rangelands
No full textThe fore-sighting exercise undertaken at the Australian Rangeland Society Conference at Port Augusta 10 years ago in 1996 developed four scenarios: ?economic growth', ?best practice', ?extra green' and ?partial retreat'. These were later collapsed into two broad directions, ?looking out' (the economic rewards generated by a full application of free market policies with rangeland enterprises having strong external linkages will result in production and management efficiencies which benefit the Australian economy) and ?looking in' (rangeland Australia and its human, economic and ecological resources will be best served by the development and maintenance of strong local communities in each rangeland region). It was anticipated that ?looking out' would apply to only a few rangeland regions where pastoral production is highly valued and rangelands are resilient; ?looking in' would apply to the majority of the rangelands where other values might outweigh pastoral production in the future and where the rangeland resource is considered less resilient. Given the world's embrace of economic and trade globalisation, and the dominance in the federal sphere of one coalition government and one prime minister, it seems inevitable that across Australia the last 10 years were dominated by the ?looking out' direction, while many marginal rangelands had few options but to ?look in'. The 1996 discussions failed to appreciate fully the importance in shaping today's world of singular issues such as terrorism, global climate change, potential disease pandemics, the emergence of China and India and, in an Australian rangelands context, the continuing success of the northern beef industry. In the interim, rangelands science has produced an impressive underpinning of integrative information led both by industry investment and government funding. However, long-term resilience is still not assured in many areas of Australia's rangelands. It continues to be outpaced by those four horsemen of the (rangelands) apocalypse: the need for growth, periodic droughts, personal gain and introduced organisms. During the next 2 decades the rangelands will be buffeted by many of the same old issues and well as obvious emerging ones. Important human-centric ones will be the tension between European and Aboriginal demographic trends, the increased economic dominance of mining, tourism and defence in the rangelands, and the ?sponge effect' of successful towns and particular enterprises. Ecological and bio-physical issues will include carbon trading, energy generation, water catchments, weeds and diseases and agricultural incursions into the northern rangelands. The broad directions of ?looking out' and ?looking in' still retain some currency for today's rangeland decision makers but are now embedded in far stronger and shifting currents that are frequently determined by global and national dynamics, rather than local issues. A distinguishing feature of the Australian rangelands is that they are still essentially intact (apart from their fauna) in a world context and may gain future ecological and economic advantage by remaining so. How to retain this status remains one of the great challenges for the next generation of Australian rangelanders
A Time for Change- Issues Arising from the XVII International Grassland Congress Developed World Viewpoint
Get PDFA number of major issues raised at the conference, if they are accepted by farmers and grassland scientists, will mean a major realignment of both the philosophy and practice of grassland science. The first of these is future world trade flows and a bleak prognosis for traded livestock products. Jf the developed world accepts that developing nations have to trade in order to develop, and trade in commodities where they have a cost advantage, this suggests that bulk production of livestock commodities will decline ln total. Thus grassland exports will have to concentrate on high value niche markets. This poses the question of what to do with land too marginal for high value production. All this is predicated on a fond hope that trade protectionism might diminish, and that developed countries might treat the trade aspirations of the developing countries with some fairness. The global issues of population growth and climate change also add to the trade quandary. The mid to lower latitudes will be most adversely affected by global warming, and in particular cllmale events will become more extreme, and so push pressured ecosystems over the brink more easily. The mid to lower latitudes are also experiencing the most rapid population growth. Both social and production outputs are expected from animals on grasslands in these zones, and aid projects to help the system have generally been a failure. Crops more than animals will be needed to feed these increasing populations, and thus grassland science from the developed world may not be the premier technology in demand. Population growth itself is seen as having been defined by males in affluent developed countries. A contrasting view was that world human population could be stabilised inside 100 years if contraceptive technologies were efficient and available, and if the education of younger women was made a world priority. How then can grassland science change when beset by these large world issues? The biggest challenge at the moment is to produce a vision of why we produce products from grasslands. If we are worried by the energy consumption of our developed economies, then we must develop low energy integrated pasture systems that give high quality products with no downstream pollution effects, a cradle to grave design concept. Our experimental methods must now be redesigned to reflect product quality rather than product quantity. We must re-examine why production per hectare is seen as a Holy Grail. In many areas, land prices have been distorted by government policy, and land is overvalued in terms of its productive worth, rather than limiting in amount. We could do better by helping to crash the land prices, rather than developing technologies to run the land harder to make it pay. This XVII Congress taught us that grasslands give much more than production. Using our grasslands are people who are real, and have life goals. Many of our landscapes are beautiful and biodiverse, and our technologies must accommodate these other uses, If we are sure that our technologies don\u27t pollute, and that our products are the highest quality, then we will increasingly become more articulate on the wide range of issues that affect these lands, where we live and work
Future dilemma: a reply to the critics
No full textThe release of the CSIRO Future Dilemmas report on population environment futures sparked a widespread debate in the Australian print, radio and television media. As well as the positive or neutral responses that focused on the issues, there were three sorces of overt criticism to which one of the authors replies in this article. The first are the economists, Chris Murphy and Mark Wooden, members of the Ministerially appointed external reference group, who oversaw the project in due diligence terms. The second is the green movement where the response is focused on the article by Ted Trainer in People and Place (vol. 11, no. 1). The third are three journalists from The Australian newspaper who concentrated their commentary on personal criticisms of the authors, rather than dealing logically with any of the factual issues analysed in the report. The three sets of criticisms help focus the next stage of the work but it is unlikely that doubling the effort and increasing the precision of the work will alter the attitudes of the broad groups that these critics represent. Once strong ideologies are formed, whether in science, society or politics, they are difficult to deconstruct and reform.Pagination on item is incorrec
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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