1,720,982 research outputs found
Factors affecting changes in animal ranking for a type index in Chianina, Marchigiana and Romagnola breeds
No full textGreenhouse gas emissions of livestock raised in a harsh environment
No full textDomestic animals are large emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and developing countries raise a large number of those animals. Livestock can be divided into local and improved animals. Local animals are usually not well characterised and seldom subject to structured breeding programs but well adapted to local environmental conditions while improved animals are characterised by high productions but limited capacity to adapt to extreme conditions. Analysis conducted with the use of ex-ante carbon-balance tool software indicated that the use of local livestock reduces the GHG emissions. Local dairy cattle emitted 1.54 kg CO2-eq/kg of milk and improved dairy cattle emitted 2.63 kg CO2-eq/kg of milk. Local livestock in extreme climate conditions can perform better than improved livestock and, because of their lower GHG emissions, they can contribute to mitigating climate. Overall, the findings support the existing literature on preserving local genetic resources due to their important role for future generations
Methane, nitrous oxide emissions and mitigation strategies for livestock in developing countries: A review
Full text linkMethane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are two important greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are emitted into the atmosphere by livestock during the process of enteric fermentation and manure management. Developing countries produce a large quantity of those emissions, caused mainly by inefficient animal rearing systems, feed production and manure management. This paper outlines the CH4 and N2O emitted from livestock in developing countries and the mitigation actions that could be put in place to reduce atmospheric emissions and increase animal productivity. Emission intensity expresses emission (CO2 equivalents) per unit of product and describes it in relation to the capacity of local animals to produce from local resources. Developing countries are characterized by low production per animal and, consequently, high emission intensity. The emission intensity of dairy cattle in developing countries ranges from 2 to 9 kg CO2-eq/kg fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) and in only a few cases is below 2 kg CO2-eq/kg FPCM. In sub-Saharan Africa, the average emission intensity is 7.5 kg CO2-eq/kg FPCM for dairy cattle, 71 kg CO2-eq/kg of carcass weight for beef cattle, 6.9 kg CO2-eq/kg FPCM for sheep and goats, and 5 kg CO2-eq/kg eggs for chickens. Taking into account the limited economic and technical resources in most developing countries, the application of appropriate mitigation tools is recommended to reduce the emissions of CH4 and N2O gases in the atmosphere. Increasing livestock productivity through selection and feeding is the most effective tool to reduce emission intensity
Stima del peso all'età di svezzamento e capacità materna - 4th World Italian Beef Cattle Congress
No full textAnalisi preliminare della razza Chianina attraverso i dati genealogici dei soggetti in prova di performance e studio delle loro relazioni di parentela mediante l’impiego della Cluster Analysis
No full textL'azione della selezione sulla evoluzione morfologica dei riproduttori di razza chianina
No full textRIASSUNTO L’evoluzione morfologica dei torelli di razza Chianina di un anno di età è stata analizzata su 481 soggetti in prova di performance negli anni 1988-1999. Gli animali sono stati suddivisi per anno di entrata al Centro Genetico, per famiglia di appartenenza e per giudizio di abilitazione alla fecondazione. Per evidenziare diversi tipi morfologici è stata applicata la Cluster analysis sul peso vivo e sulle misure biometriche rilevate a 365 giorni. I risultati hanno evidenziato la superiorità degli abilitati alla fecondazione artificiale, rispetto ai non abilitati, soprattutto per il peso (9,6%) e per la larghezza bisischiatica della groppa (2,1%); questi parametri hanno ottenuto anche il maggiore progresso tecnico. Con l’impiego della Cluster analysis sono stati individuati sette gruppi morfologici caratterizzati da una conformazione più o meno spiccatamente da carne. SUMMARY The morphological evolution of 481 bulls of Chianina breed in performance test, in the years 1988-1999, has been analyzed. The animals were divided per year of entry into Genetic Center, per family and per idoneity to reproductive service. To point out different morphological phylums the cluster analysis on the live weight and on the zoometric data to 365 days was raised. The results pointed out the superiority of the animals enabled to the artificial insem- (1) Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali - Direttore Prof. Dario Cianci. (2) A.N.A.B.I.C., Perugia. * Ricerca eseguita con finanziamenti ARSIA: “Progetto per la valorizzazione del materiale genetico bovino toscano e della produzione della carne; Sottoprogetto 1: Studio della variabilità genetica”. Il lavoro spetta in parti uguali agli Autori. ination, in comparison with the not enabled, above all for the weight (9.6%) and for the ischial breadth (2.1%); these parameters obtained also the greater annual progress. By using the cluster analysis seven morphological groups have been identified; these groups are characterized by different level of respondence to the ideal beef type
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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