1,720,956 research outputs found
La protection des emprunteurs de microcrédit : cadre juridique, pratiques institutionnelles et perceptions des acteurs au Bénin
No full textL'objectif de cette thèse est de réaliser dans le contexte béninois un état des lieux de l'effectivité de la protection des emprunteurs de microcrédit. Pour ce faire, sept principes de protection des emprunteurs ont été identifiés. Notre approche est inscrite dans une perspective semi-inductive de sociologie du droit permettant de combiner l'analyse de contenu des textes de loi à l'analyse d'observations directes et de données empiriques collectées auprès de 18 emprunteurs et de huit chefs d'agence à propos des sept principes de protection des emprunteurs préalablement identifiés. Nos résultats montrent qu'au plan juridique les sept principes de protection des emprunteurs bénéficient d'un encadrement très variable, allant d'un fort encadrement législatif pour le principe de confidentialité à un faible encadrement pour les principes de gestion des plaintes, de développement et distribution appropriés des microcrédits, puis de traitement respectueux et responsable. L'analyse des perceptions des divers acteurs permet de constater que si un fort encadrement législatif ne conduit pas toujours vers une bonne protection des emprunteurs contre les risques, un faible encadrement législatif n'induit pas non plus obligatoirement un faible niveau de protection. Plusieurs écarts entre normes juridiques et pratiques institutionnelles ont été identifiés comme en ce qui concerne la confidentialité des informations personnelles de la clientèle. Il a aussi été possible de repérer quelques innovations pratiques dans le secteur comme la mise en place d'un réseau local d'information sur l'endettement des demandeurs de microcrédit permettant de contourner, non pas sans difficultés l'inexistence d'un Bureau d'information et de crédit pour protéger les emprunteurs contre le surendettement. Au regard des résultats, il importe que des actions concrètes d'éducation, de supervision et d'amélioration de la réglementation soient mises en œuvre pour améliorer la protection des emprunteurs de microcrédit. Au-delà des nécessaires réajustements du cadre réglementaire à travers par exemple l'instauration d'un dispositif de gestion des plaintes, d'aide à l'analyse de la capacité de remboursement des clients, de supervision de la confidentialité des données, l'accent doit être véritablement mis sur le renforcement de la surveillance et la sensibilisation des divers acteurs. Il serait aussi opportun de réfléchir à la mise en place de programmes de microcrédit intégré incluant le microcrédit, l'alphabétisation, la micro-assurance ainsi que la formation à la littératie financière.The objective of this thesis is to carry out the situation of the effectiveness of the protection of microcredit borrowers in the Beninese context. To do this, seven principles of borrower protection have been identified. Considering these principles, our approach is based on a perspective of semi-inductive sociology of law that combines content analysis of legal texts with analysis of direct observations and empirical data collected from 18 borrowers and 8 agency heads. Our results show that, from a legal point of view, the seven principles of borrower protection benefit from a very variable framework, ranging from a solid legislative framework for the principle of confidentiality to a weak framework for the principles of complaint management, the development and appropriate distribution of microcredits, and the respectful and responsible treatment. The analysis of the perceptions of the various actors shows that while a solid legislative framework does not always lead to adequate protection of borrowers against risks, a weak legislative framework does not necessarily induce a low level of protection either. Several gaps between legal standards and institutional practices have been identified, for example, the confidentiality of personal information of clients. It was also possible to identify some practical innovations in sectors like the establishment of a local information network on the debt of microcredit applicants to bypass, not without difficulty, the lack of an Information and Credit Office to protect borrowers against over-indebtedness. Considering the results, it is important that concrete actions of education, supervision and better regulation are implemented to improve the protection of microcredit borrowers. Beyond the necessary readjustments to the regulatory framework through, for example, the introduction of a complaints management system, assistance in analyzing clients' repayment capacity and supervision of data confidentiality, real emphasis must be placed on strengthening monitoring and raising awareness among the various stakeholders. It would also be appropriate to consider the implementation of integrated microcredit programmes including microcredit, microinsurance and financial literacy training
Pratiques d’enseignement à distance pour la continuité pédagogique dans les universités béninoises en contexte de pandémie de COVID-19 : les points de vue des étudiants de l’Université de Parakou
No full textFace à la pandémie de COVID-19, le gouvernement béninois a d’abord opté pour la fermeture temporaire et l’arrêt des cours dans les établissements universitaires à travers un congé prolongé, avant de tracer la voie vers la continuité pédagogie à distance. À l’Université de Parakou, certaines mesures ont alors été prises pour ensuite accélérer le passage vers les pratiques d’enseignement à distance à travers une plateforme rendue accessible par le gouvernement. Cet article propose une analyse de la perception des étudiants de l’Université de Parakou relativement au dispositif d’enseignement à distance déployé pour la continuité pédagogique.In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beninese government closed the doors of academic institutions through an extended leave of absence before mapping out the paths to distance learning continuity. At the University of Parakou certain measures were then taken to accelerate the transition to distance learning practices through a platform made available by the government. This article analyzes the perceptions that students at the University of Parakou have about the distance education system
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
