1,720,977 research outputs found
Meccanismi molecolari delle neoplasie polmonari
No full textL’identificazione e lo studio dei meccanismi molecolari alla base delle neoplasie polmonari costituiscono un elemento di fondamentale
importanza per la comprensione della biologia dei tumori e per l’identificazione di nuovi componenti molecolari che possano essere
utilizzati come strumenti o bersagli per il disegno di approcci clinici innovativi per la terapia antitumorale.
In questo capitolo sono riassunti alcuni dei principali meccanismi molecolari coinvolti nella formazione e sviluppo del cancro del
polmone e nel processo di metastatizzazione tumorale
ID4-dependent reprogramming of tumor associated macrophages in triple negative breast cancer
Full text linkBreast cancer is one of the most common cancer affecting especially women worldwide and it shows a particularly aggressive behavior in the triple negative (TNBC) and basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) subtypes that are characterized by poor prognosis and by the lack of targeted therapies. Moreover, it is well established that the presence of a massive leukocyte infiltrate, is involved in the promotion of tumor progression, contributing in particular to the angiogenic switch that occurs in the early phases of tumor progression. Among the variety of cells infiltrating breast tumors, macrophages have been extensively shown to tightly control the angiogenic onset and progression to malignancy. Here, we investigated whether ID4 protein, previously reported to enhance the angiogenic potential of breast cancer cells, exerts its function also modulating the activity of tumor-associated macrophages. We first assessed the significant association between the expression of ID4 and the macrophages marker CD68 in series of triple negative breast tumors. Of note, high ID4 mRNA expression in presence of a high macrophage infiltrate (determined as the expression of 8 macrophage markers) in BLBC is a strong predictor of poor survival. In vitro and in vivo migration assays evidenced that expression of ID4 in breast cancer cells is able to influence macrophages motility. At gene expression level we observed induction of ID4 itself, in macrophages co-cultured with breast cancer cells, induction that was impaired when breast cancer cells were depleted of ID4 expression. The same ID4-dependent behavior was observed for HIF-1A and for an angiogenesis-related signature in macrophages. Expression of angiogenesis-related genes was further controlled by miR-107, down-regulated in macrophages in ID4-dependent manner. Altogether our results highlight a key role for ID4 in dictating the angiogenic behavior of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Circular RNAs in embryogenesis and cell differentiation with a focus on cancer development
Full text linkIn the recent years thousands of non-coding RNAs have been identified, also thanks to highthroughput sequencing technologies. Among them, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a well-represented class characterized by the high sequence conservation and cell type specific expression in eukaryotes. They are covalently closed loops formed through back-splicing. Recently, circRNAs were shown to regulate a variety of cellular processes
functioning as miRNA sponges, RBP binding molecules, transcriptional regulators, scaffold for protein translation, as well as immune regulators. A growing number of studies are showing that deregulated expression of circRNAs plays important and decisive actions during the development of several human diseases, including cancer.
The research on their biogenesis and on the various molecular mechanisms in which they are involved is going very fast, however, there are still few studies that address their involvement in embryogenesis and eukaryotic development. This review has the intent to describe the most recent progress in the study of the biogenesis and molecular activities of circRNAs providing insightful information in the field of embryogenesis and cell differentiation. In addition, we describe the latest research on circRNAs as novel promising biomarkers in diverse types of tumors
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The lncRNAMALAT1-WTAP axis: a novel layer of EMT regulation in hypoxic triple-negative breast cancer
No full textEarly metastatic disease development is one characteristic that defines triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) as the most aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtype. Numerous studies have identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) as critical players in regulating tumor progression and metastasis formation. Here, we show that MALAT1, a long non-coding RNA known to promote various features of BC malignancy, such as migration and neo angiogenesis, regulates TNBC cell response to hypoxia. By profiling MALAT1-associated transcripts, we discovered that lncRNA MALAT1 interacts with the mRNA encoding WTAP protein, previously reported as a component of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification writer complex. In hypoxic conditions, MALAT1 positively regulates WTAP protein expression, which influences the response to hypoxia by favoring the transcription of the master regulators HIF1α and HIF1β. Furthermore, WTAP stimulates BC cell migratory ability and the expression of N-Cadherin and Vimentin, hallmarks of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion, this study highlights the functional axis comprising MALAT1 and WTAP as a novel prognostic marker of TNBC progression and as a potential target for the development of therapeutic approaches for TNBC treatment. (Figure presented.
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