1,720,969 research outputs found
Corporate Social Responsibility for Industry 4.0. The Case Study of the Italian Company Operating in Poland
No full textStandards for the New Economy
No full textPurpose/objectives: many of the products and services we use are designed and developed following International Standards like ISO (The International Organization for Standardization, ISO). Standards
affect most of the global trade and represent a fundamental driving force for new technologies. Standards provide an adaptive and responsive approach to manage innovation in the new economy, for this reason, the creation and use of consistent standards, through the input of both the private sector
and governments, is fundamental for the medium to the long-term sustainable development of the new economy.
Design/methodology: in this paper, a qualitative analysis of standards developments in blockchain and in AI have been performed, focusing on the new economy paradigms.
Originality/value: the integration between cryptocurrencies based on blockchain technology and existing networks, trading and software accounting systems and other clearing networks rely on, results almost difficult to obtain, due to a series of relevant issues among which the most relevant is the lack of a standard and in this paper we have analyzed the state of the art in the development of new standard
for the new economy.
Findings: as main results, recently ISO standards are providing fundamental definitions for blockchain and, in general, of distributed ledger technologies, the first step toward the implementation of more
extended standards allowing widespread adoption of blockchain by industries and governments. In parallel, numerous International Standard Developing Organizations are developing and publishing AI related standards including actionable steps to underpin a framework for the ‘responsible stewardship
of trustworthy AI’. This includes the design, development, and deployment of AI internationally, through the OECD Principles on AI.
Possible practical implications: these initiatives will surely foster the development of two key
technologies for the new economy, with practical implications in Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT)
Entropic Limits of Circular Economy
No full textThe world has become enchanted with the idea of the circular economy, as it is seen as a remedy to solve most ecological problems. Reintroduction processes, such as recycling or refurbishment, undoubtedly support the objectives of a circular economy but inevitably result in material waste or the production of undesirable byproducts. Initially, the circular economy descriptions completely ignored the relationship between natural and economic systems, which are the most important problem in ecological economics. The circular economy is criticized, inter alia, for not considering the physical limits of recycling. In each recycling cycle, some materials are lost or degraded (downcycling), which leads to an increase in entropy. When recycling on an industrial scale, increasingly more materials are scattered and lost with each cycle, leading to waste and emissions. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the approach used to evaluate such entropy increase by conducting a systematic literature review using the indexed databases of Web of Science and Scopus. The expected results show that the application of statistical entropy analysis to complex products is useful for minimizing waste production and making people aware that the zero-waste strategy is a utopia
Materiały opakowaniowe z tworzyw polimerowych – przyjaciel czy wróg Gospodarki o Obiegu Zamkniętym
No full textPlastic packaging is a product of shortterm use and becomes waste aft er use. For most packages made of homogeneous polymeric material, there is no problem with their recycling. The packaging used for food packaging and storage, for example, multilayer foils, considerably reduces food losses. However, due to their complex multipolymer structure, it is signifi cantly more diffi cult to recycle it. Currently, in this case there are almost no technologies that are eff ective enough to be both costeff ective for recyclers and not burden the environment. Leading companies from the plastics industry in cooperation with food and packaging producers are working on solutions that will improve the suitability for recycling of multi-layer packaging while maintaining high level of food protection. Huge hopes are connected with nanotechnology and nanomaterials that enter the packaging market, mainly nanocomposites, and particularly ideally, if it would be biodegradable bionanocomposites. However, new packaging materials based on nanocomposites are bringing potentially new problems for recycling. The paper presents the issues related to meeting the requirements of Circular Economy by multilayered packaging materials based on traditional polymers and alternative materials of the new generation introduced to the packaging market.Opakowania z tworzyw polimerowych po krótkotrwałym użyciu stają się odpadem. W wypadku większości opakowań wykonanych z jednorodnych materiałowo tworzyw polimerowych nie ma problemu z ich recyklingiem. Odpowiednio dobrane opakowania stosowane do pakowania i przechowywania żywności w istotnym stopniu zmniejszają straty żywności – przykładem mogą być folie wielowarstwowe. Ze względu jednak na ich złożoną, wielopolimerową strukturę trudno jest poddać je klasycznemu recyklingowi. Obecnie nie ma wystarczająco efektywnych technologii, opłacalnych dla recyklerów i jednocześnie nieobciążających zbytnio środowiska. Czołowe fi rmy z branży tworzyw polimerowych w porozumieniu z producentami żywności i opakowań pracują nad rozwiązaniami zwiększającymi przydatność do recyklingu opakowań wielowarstwowych z zachowaniem efektywnej ochrony żywności. Ogromne nadzieje wiązano z wkraczającą do opakowalnictwa nanotechnologią i nanomateriałami, głównie nanokompozytami, idealnie – biodegradowalnymi bionanokompozytami. Niestety nowe materiały opakowaniowe oparte na nanokompozytach stwarzają nowe problemy w zakresie recyklingu. W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z wymogami Gospodarki o Obiegu Zamkniętym (GOZ) dotyczącymi wielowarstwowych materiałów opakowaniowych opartych na tradycyjnych polimerach oraz alternatywnych materiałach nowej generacji wprowadzanych na rynek opakowań
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Selected aspects of resonance properties of different woods and the construction of string instruments
No full textWood is the primary material used in the manufacture of string instruments. The quality of the resonance wood, together with the skills of the luthier- the violin makers, is one of the main factors influencing the final quality of the instruments. There are several important parameters used to evaluate the quality of the resonance wood. The most important are: wood structure, moisture content, density, elasticity, speed of acoustic wave propagation, and degree of vibration damping. There are many studies available in the specialist literature, results of these studies are presented in this article. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the databases of scientific journals is the primary research method. The quality of the resonance wood, together with the skills of the violin makers, is one of the main factors influencing the final quality of the instruments
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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