1,721,054 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Performances and impacts of conservation agriculture cropping systems in magnesic soil in New Caledonia
No full textLa dégradation des terres liée à l'intensification agricole, principalement due à la baisse de la fertilité des sols et à l’érosion, est devenue une problématique majeure en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Le contexte insulaire et les spécificités pédoclimatiques rendent en outre les enjeux d’autosuffisance alimentaire, de préservation des agroécosystèmes et de la biodiversité, d’autant plus prégnants. Les systèmes de culture (sdc) doivent donc évoluer en mobilisant les processus biologiques afin d’être viables, performants et durables. L’agriculture de conservation (AC) consiste en un ensemble de pratiques culturales basé sur trois principes : une réduction, voire une suppression du travail du sol, une couverture végétale du sol permanente et une diversification des espèces cultivées. L’AC peut répondre à ces problématiques en alliant durabilité et productivité, et en favorisant un certain nombre de services écosystémiques. A travers une démarche originale intégrant approches fonctionnelle et systémique, cette thèse vise à quantifier les relations entre pratiques, fonctions et services écosystémiques au sein de sdc complexes. Dans le contexte spécifique de la côte ouest de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, afin de savoir si l’AC pourrait maximiser la fourniture de services écosystémiques, trois questions sont apparues importantes à aborder : quels sont les impacts des pratiques de l’AC sur la santé du sol et les performances agronomiques de sdc ?, quels sont les effets de l’AC sur la biodiversité fonctionnelle (macrofaune) ?, et quelles sont les performances et l’efficience d’utilisation des ressources de sdc en AC notamment sous couvert végétal vivant ? Afin de répondre aux deux premières questions, une expérimentation système, initiée en 2011, a permis de comparer en 2018 trois sdc en production de maïs : un sdc en monoculture et en labour, représentant la pratique de référence de la région (CT), un sdc en AC sous couvert végétal mort (mélange de 4 espèces annuelles) (CA-DM), et un sdc en AC sous couvert végétal vivant (Stylosanthes guianensis) (CA-LM). Une expérimentation analytique a également été mise en place en 2018 afin d’évaluer les performances et l’efficience d’utilisation des ressources d’une association maïs-Stylosanthes guianensis en AC sous couvert végétal vivant. D’une part, l’impact du mode de conduite de ces trois sdc sur la santé du sol a été caractérisé via l’utilisation de Biofunctool®. Biofunctool® est une méthode d’évaluation fonctionnelle de la santé des sols basée sur une approche intégrative prenant en compte les liens entre les propriétés physico-chimiques et l'activité biologique des sols. Elle permet de mener une analyse des fonctions principales du sol : i) la transformation du carbone, ii) le recyclage des nutriments, et iii) le maintien de la structure du sol. D’autre part, un outil fonctionnel (SMS) est proposé afin de mesurer l’impact de pratiques culturales sur l’activité de la macrofaune du sol. Il permet d’intégrer trois fonctions de la macrofaune : i) la dégradation de la matière organique, ii) l’ingénierie de l’écosystème, et iii) la régulation des ravageurs. Enfin, l’évaluation de l’efficience d’utilisation des ressources (i.e., eau, azote, lumière, surface) et des performances de ces sdc contrastés a été menée à l’aide de la modélisation par équations structurelles.With the arable land use intensification in recent decades, depletion of soil fertility and soil erosion have emerged as major issues for the sustainability of agricultural production systems in New Caledonia. Like other islands in the South Pacific, agricultural intensification has had positive impacts on agricultural production and food security but also detrimental impacts on biodiversity, soil, and water resources. New cropping system management is needed to better manage ecological functions and ultimately, enhance the provision of ecosystem services. Conservation agriculture (CA) is a farming system based on minimum soil disturbance (i.e., no tillage), maintenance of a permanent soil cover, and diversification of plant species. CA practices are a promising way to reduce the negative impacts of agriculture, especially on soil, while conserving production and ecosystem services. In this study, we propose an original framework based on integrative and systemic approaches of the relationships between agricultural practices, ecological functions, and cropping system performances. The study was conducted on the West coast of New Caledonia and three questions were addressed to assess the impacts of CA on the provision of ecosystem services: i) what are the impacts of CA on soil health and cropping system performances compared with conventional tillage (CT)?, ii) what are the impacts of CA on functional biodiversity (soil macrofauna)?, and iii) what are the resource use efficiency and cropping system performances of intercropping systems compared to maize monoculture? To answer the first two questions, a long-term experiment was started in 2011 to compare three maize-based cropping systems: i) mono-cropping under CT, which is the predominant practice in the region, ii) CA with direct seeding of maize in a dead mulch (a mixture of four annual species) (CA-DM), and iii) CA with direct seeding of maize in a living mulch (Stylosanthes guianensis) (CA-LM). Furthermore, an analytical experiment was conducted in 2018 to assess the impacts of a maize-Stylosanthes guianensis intercropping system on resource use efficiency and productivity compared to monoculture. On the one hand, the impact of the three contrasted cropping systems (i.e., CT, CA-DM and CA-LM) on soil health were assessed and compared using Biofunctool®. Biofunctool® is a functional assessment of soil health based on an integrative approach taking into account the links between the physico-chemical properties and the biological activity of soils. It allows an analysis of the three main functions of the soil: i) carbon transformation, ii) nutrient cycling, and iii) soil structure maintenance. On the other hand, a soil macrofauna services (SMS) index was proposed as an integrative tool to evaluate and compare the effects of these cropping systems on soil macrofauna services. This index integrates three key macrofauna functions: i) decomposition of organic matter, ii) ecosystem engineering, and iii) pest control. Finally, the resource use efficiency (i.e., water, light, nitrogen and land) and the performance of intercropping systems were assessed and compared with monoculture
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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