1,720,956 research outputs found
The turbulent flame speed for low-to-moderate turbulence intensities: hydrodynamic theory vs. experiments
No full textThis paper, dedicated to Norbert Peters, follows his lead in developing theoretical understanding of the complex flow-turbulence interactions occurring in the propagation of premixed flames. The work is based on the asymptotic hydrodynamic model of premixed flames, where the flame is modeled by a surface that separates unburned and burned gases and propagates relative to the incoming flow at a speed that depends locally on the flame stretch rate. As such the work may be categorized as corresponding to the “flamelet regime”, based on the turbulent combustion regimes diagram. The results at the present are limited to mixtures corresponding to positive Markstein lengths, and to “two-dimensional turbulent flows”. In this parametric study, the different factors affecting the turbulent flame speed have been examined and scaling laws for the turbulent flame speed are proposed for low-to-moderate turbulence intensities that highlight the dependence on physically measurable quantities. Comparison to various empirical correlations suggested in the literature is presented. The results, devoid of turbulence-modeling assumptions and/or ad-hoc coefficients, can help explaining the influence of varying the system parameters individually and collectively, and formulating physically-based small-scale models for large-scale numerical simulations of turbulent flames
Propagation of premixed flames in the presence of Darrieus–Landau and thermal diffusive instabilities
Full text linkWe study the propagation of premixed flames, in the absence of external turbulence, under the effect of both hydrodynamic (Darrieus–Landau) and thermodiffusive instabilities. The Sivashinsky equation in a suitable parameter space is initially utilized to parametrically investigate the flame propagation speed under the potential action of both kinds of instability. An adequate variable transformation shows that the propagation speed can collapse on a universal scaling law as a function of a parameter related to the number of unstable wavelengths within the domain nc. To assess whether this picture can persist in realistic flames, a DNS database of large scale, two-dimensional flames is presented, embracing a range of nc values and subject to either purely hydrodynamic instability (DL) or both kinds of instability (TD). With the aid of similar DNS databases from the literature we observe that when adequately rescaled, propagation speeds follow two distinct scaling laws, depending on the presence of thermodiffusive instability or lack thereof. We verify the presence of secondary cutoff values for nc identifying (a) the insurgence of secondary wrinkling in purely hydrodynamically unstable flames and (b) the attainment of domain independence in thermodiffusively unstable flames. A possible flame surface density based model for the subgrid wrinkling is also proposed
Data-driven subfilter modelling of thermo-diffusively unstable hydrogen–air premixed flames
Full text linkThis article is dedicated to Moshe Matalon on the occasion of his 70th birthday, for his numerous contributions to the field of combustion and, in particular, to the rich and varied topic of premixed flame stability. Here, we follow in his footsteps and propose a subfilter modelling framework for thermo-diffusively unstable premixed flames, such as lean hydrogen–air flames. Performing an optimal estimator analysis for the unfiltered and filtered heat release rate of the lean premixed hydrogen–air flames, the latter is found to require at least two scalars for an appropriate representation while for large filter sizes, the heat release appears to require only one scalar for parametrisation. As a result, we develop a modelling strategy based on the construction of thermochemical tables for each unclosed term as a function of two variables as well as the filter size. The framework is based on the filtered tabulated chemistry approach, where, in lieu of a one-dimensional unstretched flame, we adopt a data-driven paradigm and filter fully resolved two-dimensional simulations of variable size. Models originating from small- and medium-sized simulations are tested a-priori on a large-size simulation, thus highlighting the role of the lateral domain in the dataset used for tabulation. The concept of a minimum domain size is thus discussed, leading to a dataset exhibiting the minimal properties for sufficiently accurate thermochemical tables. The strategy is shown to be more accurate than a classical one-dimensional filtered tabulated chemistry approach and shows promise in future LES modelling of laboratory and industrial scale hydrogen flames
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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