1,720,956 research outputs found
HARMONISE: a Solution for Data Interoperability
No full textTravel and tourism represents the leading application in b2c e-commerce, due to several reasons: tourism is an information business, it has a rather a long value chain, and since the 60s it represents a classical field of IT and network applications (i.e., computerized reservation systems / global distribution system - CRS/GDS). Thus, this sector depends heavily on advanced Information Technologies solutions, and the characteristics of this marketplace lead to a crucial challenge: the strong need for interoperability between different information systems, allowing the flow of information in this complex valute process. Data heterogeneity is a well known problem and the existing practical approach to solve this problem is to write ad-hoc data interface programs for each pair of communicating systems. Experience shows that development and maintenance of these programs are expensive in terms of both time and money. This paper presents an alternative solution to the interoperability problem in the travel /tourism marketplace: the creation of a "harmonisation space" in which market players are enabled to exchange data without changing their own systems' schemat
Conceptual Normalisation of XML Data for Interoperability in Tourism
No full textCurrently many tourism systems and standardadisation initiatives adopt XML as a standard for data representation. Together with XML, XML Schema definition language is becoming more widely used for describing the structure and constraining the contents of the documents. However neither XML itself nor XML Schema provides sufficient mechanisms for the representation of data semantics.
In this paper we discuss the issue of conceptual normalisation of XML documents. Conceptual normalisation is introduced as a pre-processing step of our ontology-mediated framework for the harmonisation of electronic tourism systems. We propose to use RDF Schema as a mechanism for conceptual modelling of data sources and investigate the relation between semantics carrying constructs of XML Schema and RDF Schema. Accordingly we elaborate on the idea of transforming XML data into a conceptual model corresponding to RDF statements and vice-versa. Finally we propose a declarative solution and a high-level architecture of a toolkit facilitating this proces
Exploiting Semantic Web Technologies for Harmonizing e-Markets
No full textA main obstacle for e-commerce is the well-known "interoperability problem." Different players have different views of the world, even in the same application field. This is particularly true in the travel and tourism e-market where IT has been applied for a long time, leading to a plethora of different information systems, each with its own data model and structure. In this article we describe the approach followed in "HARMO-TEN", a European project aimed at solve the data heterogeneity problem by setting up a "virtual interoperable network" and providing the participants with a technological infrastructure based on a shared ontology. This will allow exchanging information in a seamless way while keeping existing data models unchange
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Harmonise - Towards Interoperability in the Tourism Domain
No full textHarmonise tackles the interoperability problem in the tourism domain, where organisations following different standards should be enabled to exchange information in a seamless manner. The project puts a strong emphasis on the combination of a social consensus process with the application of new technologies. Carefully analysing and observing the requirements of the tourist domain and its current state of the art, a comprehensive methodology has been elaborated to achieve the desired harmonisation effect. Harmonise combines suitable tools into a platform supporting an ontology-based mediation process. In this paper we describe three fundamentals of the harmonisation effort: interoperability, ontologies and mediators. And we draw a vision of a future electronic tourism market based on these fundamental
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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