1,720,955 research outputs found
Abraham Lincoln: The strategic path to emancipation and preservation
No full textDespite being one of the most well-known American presidents, of whom countless works of scholarship have been constructed, Abraham Lincoln has often been misrepresented as hesitant and tentative in his approach to abolishing slavery. Instead, his dedication to preserving the nation has been cited as his most vital imperative. This paper will argue that this is not the case. While Abraham Lincoln was dedicated to the preservation of the Union, the idea of equality for all was equally important to him, and his ultimate goal was always to dismantle the practice of slavery. Nevertheless, his dedication to the Constitution and adherence to lawfulness kept his personal desires in check, thereby restraining him to accept that a moderate pace toward abolition was the only way to achieve his goal. Utilizing Lincoln's letters and speeches, along with the writings of a number of his colleagues, this paper will show that Lincoln possessed the political cunning to understand that each step toward abolition required precise timing for its execution and that appearing too radical would only hinder the case. To this end, he skillfully used his aptitude for linguistics to his advantage, catering his words to his audience. In addition, he understood how to manipulate the media to his advantage as well. Masterfully, he played the political long game in order to achieve his objective, the abolition of slavery, while simultaneously, executing his duty as Commander in Chief, managing to navigate and win America's bloodiest and most defining war. In the end, although it required Lincoln's most noble sacrifice, he managed to hold together a fragmenting nation while simultaneously achieving his primary goal of ensuring the freedom of four million enslaved African Americans
More than a building with books: Resistance, resilience, and the fight for African American public library access, 1900-1970
Get PDFThis research examines the intersections between Black public libraries, the public library movement, and twentieth-century civil rights history. Both public library and civil rights historiography has only recently begun to reckon with the history of segregation and the realities of democracy in libraries that were “free for all.” This study utilizes a thematic perspective to examine Black public library development, education, professional membership, community engagement, and civil rights activity. Oral histories, newspaper reports, and publications from Black librarians and the American Library Association are used to examine these subjects from local and institutional lenses. Public libraries currently serve as an important community establishment, but their reputation as a democratic institution has disguised a history of supporting inequality. Histories of Black public libraries must be written to tell the full and true history of public libraries in America. From their development, Black public libraries were a community effort to resist the racist climate around them. Initially developed to gain autonomy over their education and create a place for uplift, libraries also became a place to work, learn, create art, preserve history, and participate in political activism. Black libraries themselves were a form of resistance to the white constructions of American democracy. This history is significant because modern issues within public libraries have roots in the historic issues of institutionalized racism and public library segregation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Becoming America's Ski City: Place and Identity on the Wasatch Front
Get PDF“Becoming America’s Ski City” explores how skiers remolded the political, economic,
cultural, and environmental landscape of Utah’s Wasatch Front, transforming the region’s valley
cities and mountain forests into a more unified yet contested space over the course of the
twentieth century. This process of incorporation centered on Salt Lake City. In particular, the
exigencies and experiences of skiing pushed Salt Lake Citians not only to recognize the
ecological ties between slope and city but also to build new connections. These links included
watershed regulations, land purchases, avalanche management, investment, federal boosterism,
marketing campaigns, urban planning, wilderness legislation, and the Olympic movement.
Skiing also represented a larger attempt to Americanize Utah and its predominantly Mormon
population. By shifting attention away from popular images of the state as an insular desert,
boosters attempted to build a stronger economy rooted in tourism that placed Utah more firmly
within mainstream American culture. Their partial success points to the ways in which skiing
eroded boundaries between city and periphery as well as state and nation. This process sheds
light on the blurred dichotomies that defined modern American life within and beyond Utah—
work and leisure, city and wilderness, region and nation—and the material and social changes
that they molded
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
