1,720,974 research outputs found
Differences in nutrition provision in patients with or without open abdomen: a retrospective cohort study of patients with enterocutaneous fistula
No full textBackground: Ideal nutrition provision in the first week of critically ill surgical patients is
not well understood. Patients with open abdomen have a high nutrition demand, and this
patient population is at considerable risk of enterocutaneous fistula development. This study
aimed to assess the differences in nutrition provision in patients with or without an open
abdomen and known development of enterocutaneous fistula. Methods: This retrospective
study consisted of a cohort of enterocutaneous fistula patients from 2019-2022. After inclusion
criteria were met, patients were divided in two groups: those with open abdomen and those
without. Patient electronic medical records were examined to assess the percentage of
nutrition provision in the first week of hospital stay, and researchers aimed to establish if goal
nutrition (>60% estimated needs) was delayed in the open abdomen group. Secondary
outcomes included length of stay, ICU length of stay, and nutrition status at discharge. Results:
45 patients were included in this study, 17 patients with open abdomen and 28 patients
without. There were no statistical differences in hospital day to achieve goal nutrition or
percentage of target nutrition received in the first six days. There was a weak to moderate
correlation between nutrition provision and length of stay and ICU length of stay. The open
abdomen cohort had a significantly longer ICU length of stay and a greater decline in nutrition
status during hospital admit. Conclusion: There was no statistical difference in nutrition
provision during the first six days of hospital admission between open abdomen and non-open
abdomen patients with known enterocutaneous fistula development.M. S
Skin Carotenoid Accumulation in Response to a Two-Week Sweet Potato Snack Added to the Usual Diet
Get PDFThesis (M.S.) - Indiana University, Department of Applied Health Science of the School of Public Health, 2020A lack of consistency exists in the literature regarding the most appropriate time to measure the effectiveness of nutrition interventions by way of pressure-mediated reflectance spectroscopy (RS). There is a growing use of non-invasive methods like pressure-mediated RS to objectively measure fruit and vegetable intake in different populations, particularly in the context of nutrition interventions. This study evaluated the changes in those measurements, skin carotenoid scores (SCS), from baseline SCS values both during and following a two-week intervention promoting increased red-orange vegetable consumption on top of a participant’s usual diet. Specifically, it investigated a general time frame where measurement of SCS would be most advantageous for determining the effectiveness of a nutrition intervention.
To test the hypothesis that SCS values would be different from baseline SCS values both during and following the intervention, participants took part in a three-phase nutrition intervention that included a 1-week baseline period, a feeding period in which participants were fed a sweet potato snack 3 times a week for two weeks on top of their usual diet, and a 4-week monitoring period. SCS were measured through each of the three periods with pressure-mediated RS. The scores were analyzed using a linear mixed model with repeated measures for participants over time to determine whether skin carotenoids increased from baseline to the follow up points of the intervention and post-intervention periods. The results showed that change in mean SCS from baseline over time was significant. While SCS during the intervention period were not significantly higher than baseline, SCS at post-intervention were significantly higher than baseline on average. Observations of these data suggest that 2 to 3 weeks after the beginning of a two-week intervention may be a period of interest when measuring the efficacy of such an intervention. On this basis, future studies should be designed for participant final measurements to be made approximately 2 to 3 weeks following a similar dietary intervention
Iron bioavailability from diets containing intact fiber sources
No full textExperiments were conducted with chicks to estimate the bioavailability of Fe from high fiber foods and feeds and determine if specific components of fiber affected Fe bioavailability. The effects of high fiber food and feeds on supplemental Fe bioavailability also were assessed.Five percent Kraft pine lignin, an isolated lignin, had no effect on bioavailability of supplemental ferrous sulfate Fe. Intact fiber sources were analyzed for total dietary fiber, neutral detergent residue, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, pectins, and uronic acids. Intrinsic Fe bioavailability from wheat bran, soybean hulls, alfalfa, wheat straw, soybean straw, rice hulls, and peanut hulls (2-25% lignin in feeds, providing 0.05-4.5% lignin in the diet) varied widely in bioavailability (30-150%). Alfalfa- and peanut hull-Fe were poorly available. There was no linear relationship between lignin or other fiber components and intrinsic Fe bioavailability. When dietary lignin concentration was increased using intact lignin sources, peanut hulls and cottonseed hulls (providing a final lignin concentration of 1.67 or 3.3% to the diet), only the higher level of cottonseed hulls reduced ferrous sulfate-Fe bioavailability.Intrinsic Fe bioavailability of tomato pomace, soybean hulls, beet pulp, orchardgrass, oat hulls, and corn fiber varied widely in Fe bioavailability (27-94%). Beet pulp Fe was poorly available. There was no linear relationship between hemicelluloses or other fiber components and intrinsic Fe bioavailability. Metamucil\sp\circler, a commercial laxative containing psyllium husk, was chosen as a relatively pure type of hemicellulose (an acidic arabinoxylan). Ten percent dietary Metamucil\sp\circler had no effect on supplemental ferrous sulfate Fe bioavailability.Iron bioavailability from high fiber breakfast cereals and crackers (natural sources of fiber in the human diet) was found to be unrelated to analyzed fiber components; however, Fe from wheat-based cereals was more available than Fe from oat-based cereals. The three major cereal fibers from the previous study, corn bran, wheat bran, and oat bran, were added at two levels to diets to provide 1.5 to 4% TDF and did not affect supplemental ferrous sulfate Fe bioavailability.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:05:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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