1,721,015 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Antidepressants, depression, and venous thromboembolism risk: large prospective study of UK women
Full text linkSome investigators have reported an excess risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with depression and with use of antidepressant drugs. We explored these associations in a large prospective study of UK women.The Million Women Study recruited 1.3 million women through the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme in England and Scotland. Three years after recruitment, women were sent a second questionnaire that enquired about depression and regular use of medications in the previous 4 weeks. The present analysis included those who responded and did not have prior VTE, cancer, or recent surgery. Follow-up for VTE was through linkage to routinely collected National Health Service statistics. Cox regression analyses yielded adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs. A total of 734 092 women (mean age 59.9 years) were included in the analysis; 6.9% reported use of antidepressants, 2.7% reported use of other psychotropic drugs, and 1.8% reported being treated for depression or anxiety but not use of psychotropic drugs. During follow-up for an average of 7.3 years, 3922 women were hospitalized for and/or died from VTE. Women who reported antidepressant use had a significantly higher risk of VTE than women who reported neither depression nor use of psychotropic drugs (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.23-1.56). VTE risk was not significantly increased in women who reported being treated for depression or anxiety but no use of antidepressants or other psychotropic drugs (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.95-1.49).Use of antidepressants is common in UK women and is associated with an increased risk of VTE
Million Women Study
No full textThe Million Women Study is one of the largest population-based prospective studies of women’s health in the world. Over 1.3 million UK women were recruited into the study in 1996-2001 and have been followed for health outcomes ever since
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Social isolation in relation to vascular disease incidence and mortality among adults in the UK
Full text linkSocial isolation has recently gained considerable attention as a potential modifiable risk factor for major causes of death and disability such as coronary heart disease and stroke (i.e. vascular disease), and all-cause mortality. However, previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, reverse causation, and confounding bias. This thesis sought to address these limitations by examining social isolation in relation to vascular disease incidence, vascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality among two large prospective cohorts of UK adults. To advance current conceptualisations of social isolation as a health risk factor, age, gender, and neighbourhood environments were examined as effect modifiers. Furthermore, independent and joint associations were examined for structural (i.e. social contact frequency and living alone), functional (i.e. social support), and perceived (i.e. loneliness and relationship satisfaction) dimensions of social isolation. Finally this thesis tested the popular claim that social isolation is as bad for health as smoking 15 cigarettes per day.
Generally healthy participants of the Million Women Study (N=326,169) and UK Biobank (N=296,913) were prospectively observed for six and seven years, respectively. An index of structural dimensions of isolation was used to measure social isolation. Associations between social isolation and vascular disease incidence and mortality outcomes were estimated using multivariable Cox regression. Analyses were adjusted for personal characteristics, health behaviours, and physiological factors. The percentage attenuation in the likelihood ratio chi-square test statistic indicated the degree to which these factors explained any associations with each outcome. Sub-group analyses and likelihood ratio tests of interaction were used to examine effect modification and interaction.
This thesis found evidence of strong associations between social isolation and mortality outcomes but only weak associations with vascular disease incidence. Compared to the least isolated Million Women Study and UK Biobank participants respectively, those who were most isolated had 80% (95% confidence interval: 41% - 131%) and 68% (28% to 121%) greater CHD mortality, 71% (34% to 118%) and 92% (32% to 181%) greater stroke mortality, and 32% (24% to 40%) and 38% (27% to 51%) greater all-cause mortality. Whereas compared to the least isolated participants, the most isolated had 7% (1% to 14%) greater and 6% lower (12% lower to 2% greater) CHD incidence, and 28% (19% to 38%) and 23% (9% to 40%) greater stroke incidence. Associations generally did not change according to age, gender, or neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation, crime rates, distance to services, and greenspace availability. Health behaviours, namely smoking, explained the largest component of these associations. Among the constituent measures of structural isolation, living alone was more strongly and consistently associated with mortality. After adjusting for explanatory factors and structural isolation, lacking confiding support (i.e. functional isolation) was associated with 15% (6% to 24%) greater all-cause mortality. Perceived dimensions of social isolation were not independently associated with all-cause mortality. Associations between structural isolation and all-cause mortality also tended not to change if participants additionally lacked support or were lonely. Finally, associations between social isolation and all-cause mortality were 5 to 10-fold weaker than those for cigarette smoking.
In conclusion, there is stronger evidence to suggest that social isolation is independently associated with mortality versus vascular disease incidence. These associations did not vary by age, gender, neighbourhood factors, or functional and perceived isolation. Cigarette smoking had much stronger associations with mortality than social isolation. Further large-scale studies are needed to examine the role of delays in seeking care as a potential explanatory factor. Future research should also leverage lifecourse epidemiological methods to further examine the role of confounding in the associations observed.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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