1,720,962 research outputs found
All’origine dell’infirmidade di Adelasia di Torres, tra fonti archivistiche e fonti letterarie
No full textThis paper analyzes the archival and literary sources related to Adelasia, the last queen of the Sardinian medieval kingdom called Torres. More precisely, the paper will focus on the 13th century chronicle called Libellus judicum turritanorum, related to the last years of life of the queen, during which she behaves in way that nowadays could be interpreted as psychopathological. By comparing the abovementioned sources, the paper tries to identify which disease (infirmidade) affected the quee
La Sardegna medievale come crocevia fra culture: la prospettiva della medicina isolana fra accidia cristiana e melanconia islamica
No full textLa ricerca sulla patologia depressiva nelle epoche passate ha spesso sofferto l’assenza di una ricostruzione storica e culturale, fondamentale per comprendere il fenomeno nella sua interezza. Nell’ambizione di superare questo limite, la nostra ricerca si è incentrata su descrizioni di ordine presumibilmente depressivo contenute nei documenti sardi del XI-XV secolo, e sul confronto con gli studi effettuati in ambito mediterraneo. L’intento è di collocare la medicina basso-medievale sarda nel prospetto della storia della medicina mediterranea, valutando la visione medica, religiosa e popolare della depressione nel contesto sardo e individuando le influenze apportate dalle diverse culture. Questo percorso ha reso necessario evidenziare in che modo alcune illustri antecedenti della nostra depressione (la ‘melancolia’ greca traghettata al mondo occidentale da arabi ed ebrei, l’’accidia’ monastica, il peccato di ‘tristitia’ e il ‘tedium vitae’ latino) si sono incontrate nel bacino mediterraneo, rilanciando il valore di una comune eredità culturale. Lo spoglio della documentazione ha evidenziato da un lato l’individuazione di un percorso terapeutico ― influenzato dalla saggezza popolare e dall’autorevolezza dei medici stranieri presenti sull’isola ― e dall’altro l’evoluzione dell’approccio rispetto alle declinazioni del sentimento di tristezza, ossia le variazioni nel tempo di quella che attualmente viene categorizzata come patologia. In quest’ottica assumono una nuova dimensione le parole usate nelle descrizioni, l’atteggiamento di comprensione o di condanna verso una condizione esistenziale dallo status alterno di malattia o peccato. L’esame attento dei documenti ha consentito di rileggere storie precedentemente interpretate in chiave politico-economica rivalutandone il ruolo, ed evidenziando come la descrizione di un evento psico-fisico venga interpretato secondo lo schema del momento in cui si verifica. La condizione di cerniera tra ‘soma’ e ‘psiche’ propria di melancolia e accidia riflette da una parte la concezione che le varie epoche affidano alle due dimensioni e l’interazione che si presume tra esse, dall’altra le specificità locali frutto dell’integrazione tra le scelte dell’egemonia culturale, proveniente dall’alto, e le particolarità dell’area specifica. Lo studio si propone inoltre di restituire al pubblico alcuni cardini della cultura medievale del Mediterraneo, in un intricato sistema di fonti, traduzioni e interpretazioni che mette in gioco aspetti focali dell’identità, come cultura, religione, salute, in una lettura non aspecifica ma attentamente calibrata alla singola realtà
Entre acédie et mélancolie, pistes «sardes» de réflexion
No full textScience, for long time during the history unable to identify the origin of mental illness, has often had to yield to empirical and/or magical practices. The middle ages reflects the contrasting reactions aroused by mental disorders, inspired by various medical cultures : while the Christian world seems to forget the legacy of classical antiquity to favor one religious reading, Islam feeds on ancient authors to structure a real medical approach. Located in the center of the Mediterranean, Sardinia is at the heart of this dualism. An exploration of approaches to melancholy between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries helped to highlight some cases of mental disorders listed in the archival sources, but also elements that can help us to reconstruct the course of training physicians from Provencal, Catalan and Italian who practiced on the island. Wealth of documents consulted invites a reflection on the approaches to depressive illnesses in the island, torn between vision “religious” (acedia, sloth) and “scientific” (melancholy) of mental illnesses.Longtemps incapable d’identifier l’origine de la maladie mentale, la science au cours de l’histoire a souvent dû s’effacer devant les pratiques empiriques et/ou magiques. L’époque médiévale reflète les réactions contrastées que suscitent les troubles mentaux, inspirées par des cultures médicales diverses : tandis que le monde chrétien semble oublier l’héritage de l’Antiquité classique pour privilégier une lecture religieuse, l'Islam se nourrit des auteurs anciens pour structurer une véritable approche médicale. Située au centre de la Méditerranée, la Sardaigne est au cœur de ce dualisme. Une exploration des approches à la mélancolie entre les XIe et XVe siècles a permis de mettre en lumière certains cas de troubles mentaux référencés dans les sources d’archives, mais également des éléments susceptibles de nous aider à reconstruire le parcours de formation des médecins de provenance provençale, catalane et italienne qui exerçaient dans l’île. La richesse des documents consultés invite à une réflexion approfondie sur les approches aux maladies dépressives dans l’espace insulaire, tiraillées entre vision « religieuse » (acédie) et « scientifique » (mélancolie) des pathologies mentales
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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