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O exercício físico é capaz de melhorar expressão de AMPK e GLUT4 em músculo esquelético de ratos alcoolistas e/ou tabagistas
No full textAlcohol and cigarettes are the lawful psychoactive drugs more consumed in the world, usually being consumed in association. Metabolic alterations are linked to alcohol consumption and tobacco use involving impairment in the expression of proteins related to cellular metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the regular physical exercise can promote positive effects on the possible impairment related to expression of GLUT4 and AMPK in the skeletal muscle of smoker and/or alcoholic rats. Eighty Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups C:control, S:smoker, A:alcoholic, SA: smoker alcoholic, CE: control exercised, SE: smoker exercised, AE: alcoholic exercised, SAE: smoker alcoholic exercised. Smoker groups were exposed to combustion of four cigarettes, 1h a day, 2x a day, 5x a week for 2 months. A mixture of 10% v/v of ethanol plus water was offered to alcoholic groups. Exercised groups were trained on a treadmill (vel=10 m/min) 5x a week, 1h a day, during two months. Insulin Tolerance Test, Glucose Test tolerance were performed for the insulin sensitivity evaluation. RT-PCR was used for quantification of genes Slc2a4 (codes GLUT4) and Prkaa2 (codes AMPK). Western blotting was used for protein content (GLUT4 and AMPK) analysis. One-way Anova and Student t-test were used to analyze the statistical differences among the groups. P values less than 5% were considered significant. S, A and SA groups showed a reduction in body weight (P< 0.05), and SE, AE and SAE groups showed a normal weight gain compared to the others...Álcool e cigarro são as drogas psicoativas lícitas mais consumidas no mundo, sendo na maioria das vezes, consumidas em associação. Alterações metabólicas estão associadas com consumo de álcool e cigarro, envolvendo prejuízos na expressão de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo celular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a prática regular de exercício físico pode ter efeitos positivos sobre possíveis alterações encontradas na expressão de proteínas do metabolismo celular, GLUT4 e AMPK, em músculo esquelético de ratos tabagistas e/ou alcoolistas. Foram utilizados 80 ratos Wistar, divididos em 8 grupos C: controle, F: fumante, A: alcoolista, FA: fumante alcoolista, CE: controle exercitado, FE: fumantes exercitado, AE: alcoolista exercitado, FAE: fumantes alcoolista exercitado. Grupos de fumantes foram expostos à combustão de quatro cigarros, 1h/dia, 2x/dia, 5x/semana durante 60 dias. Uma mistura de 10% v/v de etanol absoluto e água foi oferecida aos grupos alcoolistas. Grupos exercitados realizaram treinamento em esteira 5x/semana, 1h/dia, 10m/min, durante 60 dias. Teste de Tolerância à insulina, Teste de Tolerância a Glicose foram realizados para avaliação da sensibilidade à insulina.RT-PCR foi utilizada para a quantificação dos genes Slc2a4 (GLUT4) e Prkaa2 (AMPK) e para a quantificação do conteúdo proteico de GLUT4 e AMPK foi usada a técnica de Western blotting...Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP
O exercício físico é capaz de melhorar expressão de AMPK e GLUT4 em músculo esquelético de ratos alcoolistas e/ou tabagistas
No full textAlcohol and cigarettes are the lawful psychoactive drugs more consumed in the world, usually being consumed in association. Metabolic alterations are linked to alcohol consumption and tobacco use involving impairment in the expression of proteins related to cellular metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the regular physical exercise can promote positive effects on the possible impairment related to expression of GLUT4 and AMPK in the skeletal muscle of smoker and/or alcoholic rats. Eighty Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups C:control, S:smoker, A:alcoholic, SA: smoker alcoholic, CE: control exercised, SE: smoker exercised, AE: alcoholic exercised, SAE: smoker alcoholic exercised. Smoker groups were exposed to combustion of four cigarettes, 1h a day, 2x a day, 5x a week for 2 months. A mixture of 10% v/v of ethanol plus water was offered to alcoholic groups. Exercised groups were trained on a treadmill (vel=10 m/min) 5x a week, 1h a day, during two months. Insulin Tolerance Test, Glucose Test tolerance were performed for the insulin sensitivity evaluation. RT-PCR was used for quantification of genes Slc2a4 (codes GLUT4) and Prkaa2 (codes AMPK). Western blotting was used for protein content (GLUT4 and AMPK) analysis. One-way Anova and Student t-test were used to analyze the statistical differences among the groups. P values less than 5% were considered significant. S, A and SA groups showed a reduction in body weight (P< 0.05), and SE, AE and SAE groups showed a normal weight gain compared to the others...Álcool e cigarro são as drogas psicoativas lícitas mais consumidas no mundo, sendo na maioria das vezes, consumidas em associação. Alterações metabólicas estão associadas com consumo de álcool e cigarro, envolvendo prejuízos na expressão de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo celular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a prática regular de exercício físico pode ter efeitos positivos sobre possíveis alterações encontradas na expressão de proteínas do metabolismo celular, GLUT4 e AMPK, em músculo esquelético de ratos tabagistas e/ou alcoolistas. Foram utilizados 80 ratos Wistar, divididos em 8 grupos C: controle, F: fumante, A: alcoolista, FA: fumante alcoolista, CE: controle exercitado, FE: fumantes exercitado, AE: alcoolista exercitado, FAE: fumantes alcoolista exercitado. Grupos de fumantes foram expostos à combustão de quatro cigarros, 1h/dia, 2x/dia, 5x/semana durante 60 dias. Uma mistura de 10% v/v de etanol absoluto e água foi oferecida aos grupos alcoolistas. Grupos exercitados realizaram treinamento em esteira 5x/semana, 1h/dia, 10m/min, durante 60 dias. Teste de Tolerância à insulina, Teste de Tolerância a Glicose foram realizados para avaliação da sensibilidade à insulina.RT-PCR foi utilizada para a quantificação dos genes Slc2a4 (GLUT4) e Prkaa2 (AMPK) e para a quantificação do conteúdo proteico de GLUT4 e AMPK foi usada a técnica de Western blotting...Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP
Thyroid dysfunction in experimental Diabetes Mellitus: Implications of T3 association with insulin treatment on the control of glucose homeostasis in rats and mechanisms involved
No full textA homeostase glicêmica é obtida por um conjunto de processos fisiológicos, que atuam contrabalanceando a disponibilização (liberação) e a captação/utilização de glicose pelas células. Sua regulação depende, principalmente, da interação entre insulina e órgãos periféricos (fígado, músculo e tecido adiposo), uma vez que o comprometimento desta interação, observada, por exemplo, na inflamação, contribui para a intolerância à mesma. Dados do nosso laboratório mostraram que ratos diabéticos induzidos por aloxana (DM) apresentam hipotireoidismo, o que agrava seu estado inflamatório, e que o tratamento com triiodotironina (T3) reduz a expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias melhorando a sensibilidade insulínica. Este estudo visou investigar a eficácia da associação de T3 ao tratamento com insulina na melhoria do controle glicêmico de ratos DM por meio da avaliação da glicemia de jejum, taxa de decaimento da glicose sanguínea (kITT), tireotrofina (TSH) sérica, grau inflamatório (conteúdo de TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, NF-bp65 e IL-10) e as possíveis repercussões em proteínas chave da captação e utilização da glicose (GLUT4, hexoquinase e glicoquinase), síntese e degradação do glicogênio (GYS1, PYGM), lipólise (ATGL, LPL, LHS, SCD1) e gliconeogênese hepática (GLUT2, G-6-Pase, PCK1). Ratos Wistar foram tornados diabéticos por uma única injeção de aloxana, e divididos em grupos tratados ou não com insulina (3 ou 6U- dose de reposição) associada ou não ao T3 (1,5 g/100 g PC) durante 28 dias. Ratos não diabéticos constituíram o grupo controle. O grupo DM apresentou diminuição da sensibilidade a insulina, do conteúdo de citocina anti-inflamatória e da síntese do glicogênio, e aumento da glicemia, do TSH, triglicérides e colesterol séricos, da expressão de proteínas chave da glicogenólise, gliconeogênese e lipólise, em consequência a ausência dos efeitos anabólicos e à exacerbação dos catabólicos da deficiência de insulina. Todos os tratamentos utilizados nos ratos DM (T3, insulina 3U, T3 + insulina 3U, insulina 6U e T3 + insulina 6U) resultaram na melhoria dos parâmetros que participam no controle glicêmico, exceto alguns resultados encontrados no grupo DM tratado com doses de reposição de insulina (6U) e T3. A análise global dos dados obtidos no presente estudo mostra que quando se compara os efeitos de todos os tratamentos dos animais diabéticos descritos acima observa-se que maiores ganhos são obtidos frente ao tratamento com T3 e insulina na menor dose (3U), resultando na recuperação dos parâmetros do grupo controle, sendo comparável ou melhor do que os observados em ratos DM que receberam a dose de reposição de insulina (6U). Assim a associação de T3 ao tratamento com insulina (3U) melhora o controle da glicemia do rato DM a valores observados nos ratos não diabéticos e a resistência à insulina, ao reduzir o estado inflamatório, permitindo a administração de doses mais baixas de insulina, o que poderia adiar o aparecimento da resistência ao hormônio que ocorre com a sua administração crônica, bem como levar à redução dos custos do tratamento da diabetes.Glucose homeostasis is obtained by a set of physiological processes, which act by counterbalancing the availability (release) and uptake/use of glucose by cells. Its regulation depends mainly on the interaction between insulin and peripheral organs (liver, muscle, and adipose tissue), since the impairment of this interaction, observed, for example, in inflammation, contributes to glucose intolerance. Data from our laboratory showed that alloxan (DM)-induced diabetic rats exhibit hypothyroidism, which aggravates their inflammatory state, and that treatment with triiodothyronine (T3) reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by improving insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of T3 association with insulin treatment in improving glycemic control of DM rats by assessing fasting blood glucose, blood glucose decay rate (kITT), serum thyrotrophin (TSH), inflammatory grade (TNF- content, IL-1, IL-6, NF-bp65 and IL-10) and the possible repercussions on key proteins of glucose uptake and utilization (GLUT4, hexokinase and glycokinase), glycogen synthesis and degradation (GYS1, PYGM), lipolysis (ATGL, LPL, LHS, SCD1) and hepatic gluconeogenesis (GLUT2, G-6-Pase, PCK1). Wistar rats were made diabetic by a single injection of alloxan, and divided into groups treated or not with insulin (3 or 6U- replacement dose) associated or not with T3 (1.5 g/100 g PC) for 28 days. Non diabetic rats constituted the control group. The DM group showed decreased insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammatory cytokine content and glycogen synthesis, and increased blood glucose, TSH, serum triglycerides and cholesterol, expression of key proteins of glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, as a consequence of the absence of anabolic effects and the exacerbation of catabolic effects of insulin deficiency. All treatments used in DM rats (T3, 3U insulin, T3 + 3U insulin, 6U insulin, and T3 + 6U insulin) resulted in improvement of parameters participating in glycemic control, except some results found in the DM group treated with insulin replacement doses (6U) and T3. The overall analysis of the data obtained in this study shows that when comparing the effects of all the treatments of diabetic animals described above it is observed that greater gains are obtained when treated with T3 and insulin at the lowest dose (3U), resulting in the recovery of the parameters of the control group, being comparable or better than those observed in DM rats that received the insulin replacement dose (6U). Thus the association of T3 with insulin treatment (3U) improves DM rat blood glucose control to values observed in non-diabetic rats and insulin resistance by reducing the inflammatory state, allowing the administration of lower doses of insulin, which could postpone the onset of resistance to the hormone that occurs with its chronic administration, as well as lead to reduced costs of diabetes treatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
O exercício físico é capaz de melhorar expressão de AMPK e GLUT4 em músculo esquelético de ratos alcoolistas e/ou tabagistas
No full textAlcohol and cigarettes are the lawful psychoactive drugs more consumed in the world, usually being consumed in association. Metabolic alterations are linked to alcohol consumption and tobacco use involving impairment in the expression of proteins related to cellular metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the regular physical exercise can promote positive effects on the possible impairment related to expression of GLUT4 and AMPK in the skeletal muscle of smoker and/or alcoholic rats. Eighty Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups C:control, S:smoker, A:alcoholic, SA: smoker alcoholic, CE: control exercised, SE: smoker exercised, AE: alcoholic exercised, SAE: smoker alcoholic exercised. Smoker groups were exposed to combustion of four cigarettes, 1h a day, 2x a day, 5x a week for 2 months. A mixture of 10% v/v of ethanol plus water was offered to alcoholic groups. Exercised groups were trained on a treadmill (vel=10 m/min) 5x a week, 1h a day, during two months. Insulin Tolerance Test, Glucose Test tolerance were performed for the insulin sensitivity evaluation. RT-PCR was used for quantification of genes Slc2a4 (codes GLUT4) and Prkaa2 (codes AMPK). Western blotting was used for protein content (GLUT4 and AMPK) analysis. One-way Anova and Student t-test were used to analyze the statistical differences among the groups. P values less than 5% were considered significant. S, A and SA groups showed a reduction in body weight (P< 0.05), and SE, AE and SAE groups showed a normal weight gain compared to the others...Álcool e cigarro são as drogas psicoativas lícitas mais consumidas no mundo, sendo na maioria das vezes, consumidas em associação. Alterações metabólicas estão associadas com consumo de álcool e cigarro, envolvendo prejuízos na expressão de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo celular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a prática regular de exercício físico pode ter efeitos positivos sobre possíveis alterações encontradas na expressão de proteínas do metabolismo celular, GLUT4 e AMPK, em músculo esquelético de ratos tabagistas e/ou alcoolistas. Foram utilizados 80 ratos Wistar, divididos em 8 grupos C: controle, F: fumante, A: alcoolista, FA: fumante alcoolista, CE: controle exercitado, FE: fumantes exercitado, AE: alcoolista exercitado, FAE: fumantes alcoolista exercitado. Grupos de fumantes foram expostos à combustão de quatro cigarros, 1h/dia, 2x/dia, 5x/semana durante 60 dias. Uma mistura de 10% v/v de etanol absoluto e água foi oferecida aos grupos alcoolistas. Grupos exercitados realizaram treinamento em esteira 5x/semana, 1h/dia, 10m/min, durante 60 dias. Teste de Tolerância à insulina, Teste de Tolerância a Glicose foram realizados para avaliação da sensibilidade à insulina.RT-PCR foi utilizada para a quantificação dos genes Slc2a4 (GLUT4) e Prkaa2 (AMPK) e para a quantificação do conteúdo proteico de GLUT4 e AMPK foi usada a técnica de Western blotting...Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP: 2013/10564-
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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