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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
La Franquicia en España: Estudio y evolución de las redes mixtas. Propuesta de un modelo predictivo de tipo polinómico.
Get PDFLa intensificación de la competencia inherente a la globalización de los intercambios obliga a las empresas comerciales que se ven amenazadas a modificar sus organizaciones y se observa una inter-relación organizacional a través del establecimiento de redes y de la externalización de los recursos, también llamado outsourcing.
A nivel local, el emprendedor de la “microeconomía” carece de medios para penetrar en el mercado adecuado, ser más competitivo, realizar campañas de marketing eficientes, encontrar proveedores fiables, minimizar el stock, negociar condiciones de pago interesantes,...
El uso del modelo mercantil de franquicia parece ofrecer respuestas, sin embargo ¿qué representa exactamente el contrato de franquicia?, ¿en qué marco jurídico y organizacional se integra dicho concepto empresarial?, ¿cuáles son sus principales ventajas? y ¿cuáles son las diferentes formas organizativas existentes?
La franquicia abarca múltiples conceptos y pone de manifiesto la complejidad de un sistema que interrelaciona los campos de la economía (a niveles micro y macro), el derecho (DIP, mercantil, propiedad intelectual,…) y recursos intangibles como la confianza en las organizaciones. Hay que considerar cada aspecto y repercusión de su implementación, tanto a nivel global como a nivel local y tanto en las organizaciones que sobre el mismo emprendedor, que puede ver el mencionado sistema como una arma de doble filo.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo se fundamenta en la demostración de que las redes de franquicia tienden a evolucionar significativamente para volver hacia un cierto grado de integración vertical, respecto a sus niveles de experiencia en el sector. La mayor parte de los análisis presentan la franquicia como una resultante económica explicada bajo diferentes enfoques. La teoría de la escasez de recursos (Oxenfeldt & Kelly, 1968) considera el sistema de franquicia simplemente como una solución para asegurar su desarrollo cuando uno carece de recursos a nivel financiero y del management. Con ello, las motivaciones de este enfoque justifican una «reintegración» de los puntos de ventas franquiciados cuando las mencionadas dificultades son resueltas. Siguiendo la mencionada teoría de la escasez de recursos, el gráfico de la evolución del grado de integración vertical en función de la experiencia en franquicia debería señalar una bajada drástica, seguida de una estabilización antes de crecer de nuevo, caracterizando una voluntad estratégica de vuelta hacia la propiedad.
Además, se fija un objetivo específico consistiendo en la propuesta de un modelo representativo del carácter mixto de las redes de franquicia (función matemática), teniendo en cuenta sus niveles de experiencia en franquicia. Dicho modelo debería proponer una fórmula predictiva del grado de integración vertical
El estudio cuantitativo, realizado a partir de una base de datos de 947 redes de franquicia presentes en España a 31.12.2011 demuestra que el la evolución del grado de integración vertical de una empresa franquiciadora con estructura organizativa mixta se dirige hacia una vuelta a la propiedad según su nivel de experiencia en franquicia en un sector determinado. También se demuestra que dicha vuelta hacia la verticalización no se dirige de forma tangente hacia una integración 100% verticalizada. Sin embargo, aunque el marco teórico aporta varias pistas de respuestas respecto a las múltiples ventajas del carácter mixto, esta investigación no ha podido determinar precisamente las compuestas del fenómeno.
A modo de conclusión, se puede validar el hecho de que la franquicia es una poderosa herramienta que permite al emprendedor local y/o a una pyme en desarrollo integrar un mercado local y/o global mediante estrategias competitivas y adaptadas. Dicho de otra forma, la franquicia permite enfrentarse al mercado global, desde el local. Sin embargo y a la luz de todo lo previamente dicho, también se tiene que reconocer que integrar un mercado global y competir con empresas multinacionales corresponde a adscribirse a un fenómeno cuando el punto de partida era enfrentarse a él.
¿No hay remedio a globalizarse o ser globalizado? Conviene meditar al respecto
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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