1,720,955 research outputs found
The Effects of Observed Friendship Formation on Group Level Peer Experiences: A Study of Behaviorally Inhibited Preschooler
Get PDFEarly social withdrawal places children at a greater risk for later internalizing disorders and peer difficulties. However, positive friendships can serve as a buffer against this trajectory. Currently, very little is known about if friendships develop between preschool aged withdrawn children, and how this affects their group level peer processes. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether socially withdrawn children who made a friend demonstrated gains in social skills in their preschool classrooms over an 8-week period during which they had participated in an intervention designed to increase social interaction and decrease social reticence. Overall, the children who made a friend over the intervention period had less observed reticent behavior and more prosocial behavior in their preschool classrooms both before and after the intervention period. These children entered the intervention with more advanced social skills and were able to utilize them to develop a meaningful friendship
A PERSON-CENTERED ANALYSIS OF TEMPERAMENT IN BEHAVIORALLY INHIBITED PRESCHOOLERS
No full textBehavioral inhibition (BI) is a biologically based temperament style marked by heightened sensitivity to novelty and fear in social situations (Kagan et al., 1984). For some, BI remains stable and contributes to later social emotional challenges, including increased risk for anxiety disorders (Fox et al., 2023). Identifying which children with BI are at greatest risk, and how individual and contextual factors influence outcomes, is essential for early intervention. However, gaps remain in understanding the diverse developmental pathways within this population.This study examined data from the parents of 254 behaviorally inhibited preschool-aged children. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify three subgroups based on broader temperament traits, including attentional focusing, perceptual sensitivity, high-intensity pleasure, anger, and inhibitory control. Profiles were then examined in relation to children’s social skills and parental beliefs, strategies, and attributions. Results revealed three distinct profiles that differed substantially from each other in social and emotional functioning: Regulated, Unregulated and Angry, and Typical BI.
BI profile membership significantly impacted social skills outcomes, accounting for about 30% of the variance in social skills scores, even after controlling for age and gender. Children with high anger and low regulation demonstrated more severe social difficulties than the Regulated and Typical BI groups, whereas those with stronger self-regulation were rated higher in social skills than both other profiles. The different profiles directly influenced how parents rated their children's social competencies, suggesting that children's temperament traits shape their observable behavior in ways that matter to caregivers. Differences in parenting beliefs and strategies did emerge but they were modest. Parents of Regulated children were less likely to attribute BI to internal traits and more likely to adopt a developmental perspective rather than focus on the situation when implementing strategies than parents of children in the Typical BI group. Parents of Unregulated and Angry children were more likely to anticipate unsuccessful outcomes and to use hands-on strategies compared to the Typical BI group. Parenting responses varied across situational vignettes, suggesting that strategies are both child and context dependent.
These findings support models emphasizing the heterogeneity within BI and highlight the importance of tailoring interventions to specific subpopulations within BI. This conclusion is strengthened by the finding that BI level in this population did not significantly differentiate between the three groups. This underscores the idea that other temperament factors and not merely level of BI above a certain cut-off matters for social and emotional outcomes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
