34 research outputs found
Gender segregated or gender integrated workgroups?
No full textMalmö högskola
Lärarutbildningen
Skolutveckling och ledarskap
Vårterminen 2006
Filimon Fasola, Magdalena (2006) Könssegregerat eller könsintegrerat grupparbete? (Gender segregated or gender integrated workgroups?) Malmö: Lärarutbildnnigen
Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka vilken inställning till arbetet i könsintegrerade respektive könssegregerade grupper eleverna har i de klasser jag undervisade i under min vft. Undersökningen gjordes i två klasser, en sjua och en åtta. Arbetet avgränsades av tre frågeställningar:
• Vilken inställning har eleverna till arbetet i könsintegrerade respektive könssegregerade grupper?
• Har vanan att umgås med det motsatta könet utanför skolan någon betydelse för hur eleverna ser på arbetet i könsintegrerade respektive könssegregerade grupper?
• Har gruppsammansättningen någon betydelse för hur eleverna arbetar?
Arbetet grundar sig på litteraturstudier och en kvantitativ undersökning som består av en enkät.
Min slutsats är att både pojkarna och flickorna i undersökningen föredrar könsintegrerade grupper.
Nyckelord: Genus, grupparbete, könsintegration, könssegregation
Författare: Magdalena Filimon Fasola Handledare: Elna JohanssonAbstract
Filimon Fasola, Magdalena (2006) Gender segregated or gender integrated workgroups?
The aim with the essay was to investigate what is the attitude that pupils in the classes I was teacher to during my practice have regarding gender integrated respective gender segregated workgroups. The investigation was made in two classes, a seventh and an eight. The study was limited by three questions:
• What is the attitude that pupils have regarding gender integrated respective gender segregated workgroups?
• Does the habit to spend time with the opposite sex outside the school have any significance for how the pupils perceive gender integrated respective gender segregated workgroups?
• Does the group’s assembly have any significance for how pupils work?
The work is based on studies of literature and a quantitative investigation which consists of a questionnaire.
My conclusion is that both boys and girls who took part in the investigation prefer gender integrated workgroups.
Key words: gender, gender integration, gender segregation, workgroups.
Author: Magdalena Filimon Fasola Supervisor: Elna Johansso
Data for "The Ventral Stratium dissociates information expectation, reward anticipation, and reward receipt."
No full textData for Filimon, F.; Nelson, J.D.; Sejnowski, T. J.; Sereno, M. I.; and Cottrell, G. W. (2020). "The Ventral Striatum dissociates information expectation, reward anticipation, and reward receipt." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. doi: doi:10.1073/pnas.1911778117, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.191177811
Human cortical control of hand movements : Parietofrontal networks for reaching, grasping, and pointing
No full textIn primates, control of the limb depends on many cortical areas. Whereas specialized parietofrontal circuits have been proposed for different movements in macaques, functional neuroimaging in humans has revealed widespread, overlapping activations for hand and eye movements and for movements such as reaching and grasping. This review examines the involvement of frontal and parietal areas in hand and arm movements in humans as revealed with functional neuroimaging. The degree of functional specialization, possible homologies with macaque cortical regions, and differences between frontal and posterior parietal areas are discussed, as well as a possible organization of hand movements with respect to different spatial reference frames. The available evidence supports a cortical organization along gradients of sensory (visual to somatosensory) and effector (eye to hand) preferences
Are all spatial reference frames egocentric? Reinterpreting evidence for allocentric, object-centered, or world-centered reference frames
No full textThe use and neural representation of egocentric spatial reference frames is well documented. In contrast, whether the brain represents spatial relationships between objects in allocentric, object-centered, or world-centered coordinates is debated. Here, I review behavioral, neuropsychological, neurophysiological (neuronal recording), and neuroimaging evidence for and against allocentric, object-centered, or world-centered spatial reference frames. Based on theoretical considerations, simulations, and empirical findings from spatial navigation, spatial judgments, and goal-directed movements, I suggest that all spatial representations may in fact be dependent on egocentric reference frames
Divide, conquer, entertain: film melodrama and authoritarianism in Europe
No full textThis dissertation examines the role played by the popular film melodrama of interiority in the dissemination and normalization of authoritarian ideology regarding the private and intimate spheres in France under the German Occupation (1940-1944), Spain under Francisco Franco in the 1950s (1951-1961), and Romania under Nicolae Ceauşescu in the late 1960s (1965-1971). Two major theoretical concepts, strongly connected with each other, structure my analysis: the intimate sphere, which I define as the space of discourse created among the closest emotional and psychological groupings of family and friends; and the melodrama of interiority, which I describe as one of the two major tendencies of the melodramatic mode centering on the conflicts within the intimate sphere. This theoretical aspect is doubled by a historical grounding of my dissertation in the social, economic, and political context of each country, with a specific focus on the organization and transformation of the three chosen cinema industries. Each authoritarian state sought to eliminate or control private groups and associations, and to reorganize intimate publics following a conservative, patriarchal model that emulated the relationship between the state and its citizens. Films were produced, distributed, and exhibited with the full knowledge of authorities. My analysis of the most popular melodramas of interiority in each country—L’éternel retour (The Eternal Return, 1943) in France, El último cuplé (The Last Torch Song, 1957) in Spain, and Dacii (The Warriors, 1967) in Romania—suggests that their commercial success relied on the well-organized system of production and promotion that supported them and on their melodramatic characteristics; these films contributed to the ―naturalization of state ideology regarding the intimate sphere. Through such texts, authoritarian regimes sought to seduce and conquer their publics.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Monica Elena Filimo
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Multisensory and sensorimotor representations for action in human posterior parietal cortex investigated with functional MRI
No full textThe posterior parietal cortex of human and non-human primates has been implicated in sensorimotor transformations, whereby sensory input (vision, touch, sound) is converted into motor commands. For instance, visual information regarding a target can be used to appropriately guide reaching movements towards the relevant part of space. These sensorimotor and multisensory representations suggest that the role of the posterior parietal lobe is to implement perception for action, rather than create a passive, purely perceptual representation of space. This dissertation consists of three different studies that map such multimodal and sensorimotor representations in the human brain, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The first study shows that observation, imagery, and execution of reaching rely on similar neural substrates in the posterior parietal lobe, specifically involving more superior (dorsal) areas. These 'mirror neuron' activations are in agreement with macaque parieto-frontal circuits underlying reaching movements, and differ from the more ventral (inferior) activations for grasping or for hand- object interactions. This suggests that (visuomotor) mirror neurons are specific to the hand action that is executed (reaching versus grasping). The second study attempts to dissociate visual and proprioceptive feedback from the reaching hand, to identify visuomotor and proprioceptive-motor areas involved in the control of reaching. Reaching without visual feedback from the moving hand involves more anterior and medial parietal areas than reaching with visual feedback. This indicates a posterior- to-anterior organization for sensorimotor representations that use visual versus somatosensory input, respectively, within posterior parietal cortex. Finally, the third study investigates tactile and visual representations of target location. Identifying target location using exploratory hand movements in the absence of visual input activates similar intraparietal and superior parietal areas as does visual identification of spatial location. The common activation by visual and tactile input suggests multisensory processing in these area
Sailing the Wind: Evaluating the Impact of COMA on Multi-Agent Active Wake Control in Wind Farms: What is the effect of COMA on the problem of AWC compared to single-agent RL algorithms?
No full textThe close proximity of wind turbines to one another in a wind farm can lead to inefficiency in terms of power production due to wake effects. One technique to mitigate the losses is to veer from their individual optimal direction. As such, the wakes can be steered away from downstream turbines in order to increase the overall power output. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) models the interactions between wind turbines and determines an optimal control strategy through agents that learn the collective consequences of their actions. Toanalyse the benefit of multi-agent cooperation and centralised critic evaluation, I investigated the effect of Counterfactual Multi-Agent Policy Gradients (COMA) on Active Wake Control. Ultimately, experiments on wind farms of three and sixteen turbines indicate that the algorithm performs moderately, yet worse than single-agent Reinforcement Learning. In addition, high computation costs hinder its application on real-life environments.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
Multiple parietal reach regions in humans: cortical representations for visual and proprioceptive feedback during on-line reaching
No full textReaching toward a visual target involves at least two sources of information. One is the visual feedback from the hand as it approaches the target. Another is proprioception from the moving limb, which informs the brain of the location of the hand relative to the target even when the hand is not visible. Where these two sources of information are represented in the human brain is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the cortical representations for reaching with or without visual feedback from the moving hand, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. To identify reach-dominant areas, we compared reaching with saccades. Our results show that a reach-dominant region in the anterior precuneus (aPCu), extending into medial intraparietal sulcus, is equally active in visual and nonvisual reaching. A second region, at the superior end of the parieto-occipital sulcus (sPOS), is more active for visual than for nonvisual reaching. These results suggest that aPCu is a sensorimotor area whose sensory input is primarily proprioceptive, while sPOS is a visuomotor area that receives visual feedback during reaching. In addition to the precuneus, medial, anterior intraparietal, and superior parietal cortex were also activated during both visual and nonvisual reaching, with more anterior areas responding to hand movements only and more posterior areas responding to both hand and eye movements. Our results suggest that cortical networks for reaching are differentially activated depending on the sensory conditions during reaching. This indicates the involvement of multiple parietal reach regions in humans, rather than a single homogenous parietal reach region
Explicit Bayesian inferences in medical, non-medical and abstract problems: Study 3
No full textA number of empirical studies indicate that both laypeople and experts struggle with Bayesian inference problems that involve updating the probability of a hypothesis in light of a relevant piece of evidence. Such difficulties, and in particular a general tendency to discount or even ignore base rate information, appear to be more pronounced when hypothesis and evidence have medical rather than non-medical content (Siegrist & Keller, 2011; Binder et al., 2015; Böcherer-Linder et al., 2019, Bruckmaier et al., 2019; but see Pighin et al, 2017, for a different finding). In order to account for this pattern, some authors speculated that reasoning on medical hypotheses might be particularly intimidating or unfamiliar to participants (Johnson & Tubau, 2015; Siegrist & Keller, 2011), while others argued that medical tests might be misinterpreted as being infallible, despite information given to the contrary (Hammerton, 1973). Another possibility is that the medical problems considered in the literature are simply more difficult because they typically depict hypotheses with extremely low priors, which tend to be rare in other contexts. Overall, due to the lack of systematicity in the comparison across contexts in the literature, it remains unclear whether the difficulty of handling Bayesian inferences is actually more severe in the medical domain and, if so, to what this would be ascribable. The aim of this study is to answer these questions
Fluid Structure Interaction at the ARIANE-5 Nozzle section by Advanced Turbulence Models
No full textSubstantial requirements for future rocket technologies are the cost-efficient access to orbit as well as the increase in the system reliability. Concerning these requirements a deeper insight into the unsteady phenomena during the start phase of modern launchers is essential. Especially unsteady side-loads, induced by the interaction of flow separation inside the nozzle, the launcher wake and the nozzle structure will play an important role for the design of future main stage propulsion systems. This so called buffeting coupling phenomenon is one of the main challenges during ascent. For the Ariane-5 configuration unsteady Detached Eddy Simulations were carried out under transonic wind tunnel conditions and validated with experimental data. For this configuration also a first coupled simulation of the flow field and the original nozzle structure of an Ariane-5 wind tunnel model is carried out to investigate resonances and loads on the nozzle
