1,720,995 research outputs found
Urinary Exosomal miRNAs: Best Strategies for Isolation and Analysis
No full textBackground & Aims: Urinary exosomes are released from every segment of the nephron and harbor unique subset of proteins and RNA. The abundance of small RNAs in exosomes provides a beneficial “tool” to explore specific microRNAs which, in turn could be helpful as noninvasive clinical biomarkers in cardiovascular pathologies [1]. MicroRNAs are endogenous, small (20-22 nucleotides), non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs [2]. The aim of this study was to compare in detail the available strategies for isolation of urinary exosomal microRNAs in combination with different methods for RNA purification.
Methods: Urinary Exosomes were isolated using Ultrafiltration (Nanomembrane Concentrators), and Exoquick-TCTM precipitation reagent [3]. Exosomal RNA was isolated using TRI reagent and various commercial kits (Qiagen, Ambion, miRcury and Seramir). Purified total RNA was quantified using Ribogreen, small RNA quantification was obtained using Agilent Bioanalyzer and target miRNAs/mRNAs validation was done by RT-qPCR specific assays.
Results: The combination of ultrafiltration for exosomes isolation; and Trizol-miRNeasy for exosomal RNA proved to be efficient compared with all the other methods.
Conclusions: The selection of the appropriate urinary exosomal microRNAs isolation method was dependent on the total RNA yield, RNA purity and microRNA abundance. Further analysis in larger groups is required to reconfirm the efficiency of the developed method
Isolation of Urinary Exosomal miRNAs using various methods
No full textExosomes are involved in a wide spectrum of physiological mechanisms such as immune system modulation, paracrine functions and cell to cell communications. They can be detected in urine being released from every segment of the nephron. Urinary exosomes (UEs) constitutively contain RNA (microRNAs/mRNA/small RNAs) and harbour unique subset of proteins, reflecting their cellular source. With the aim to establish the best method both for urinary exosomes isolation and for the subsequent RNA profiling analysis, we compared three different UEs isolation methods and six RNA extraction techniques. Exosomal RNA yield, quality and size were assessed respectively by specific staining with fluorescent dyes (Ribogreen®, RNA specific quantification kit), spectrophotometric quantification (Nanodrop® ND – 1000 spectrophotometer) and capillary electrophoresis (Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer). All the samples were analysed for detection of selected miRNAs and mRNAs by Real Time PCR specific assays. Based on these results the most reliable and convenient method for UEs miRNAs extraction and analysis was selected. Advantages and drawbacks of each methodology were also discussed
Uncovering an IL-10-dependent NF-kB recruitment to the IL-1ra promoter that is impaired in STAT3 functionally defective patients.
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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