1,721,029 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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THE QUAGGA MUSSEL (DREISSENA ROSTRIFORMIS BUGENSIS) INVASION OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES
No full textFirst introduced in Western United States waters in 2007, the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) has rapidly spread throughout the Lower Colorado River and other bodies of water. Along the way, they have caused severe ecological and economical damage through ecosystem transformation and biofouling of water systems. To date, they have proved impossible to eradicate after colonization of a system. The best way to control quagga mussels is to prevent them from spreading to other waters. Once established, a combination of physical, chemical, and biological control methods need to be developed for that specific body of water. Continued research on best management practices and optimal facility designs are needed in order to control existing populations. Even though a solution for complete eradication of D. Bugensis has not been found to date, with public support and proper government funding, the effect of the quagga mussel in Western U.S. waters can be minimized
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URBANIZATION’S IMPACT ON MEXICAN AXOLOTL (AMBYSTOMA SP.) AND STATUS OF ONGOING CONSERVATION EFFORTS
No full textOver the past century, the population of wild Mexican axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) has declined significantly. The native axolotl holds great cultural significance to Mexico and is an integral part of Mexican mythology and tradition. These amphibians are also commonly used in scientific research due to their advanced regeneration, complex genomes and various other unique attributes. Due to their cultural and scientific importance, scientists and locals are currently researching the decline of the last remaining populations in their only current habitat, Lake Xochimilco. This paper discusses urbanization’s role in the decline of the native axolotl, mainly how the urbanization of Mexico City has impacted their populations. This paper also looks at current axolotl conservation efforts and examines their effectiveness. What we found is that Mexico City’s pollution, destruction of habitat, and the introduction of more competitive species into Lake Xochimilco have caused irreparable damage to native populations of axolotl. There are many current projects seeking to restore the lake and through working with locals, these projects have seen success in many areas. Particularly, projects that work with local farms and businesses to raise awareness and create safe spaces for axolotls have been successful in raising funds and protecting the wild axolotl. Further research needs to be conducted on improving water quality in the lake and methods to reduce the pollution entering the lake from urban practices. By highlighting urbanization’s ramifications, this review aims to provide a clearer understanding of how to preserve this unique species
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USAID DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY INFRASTRUCTURE IN MYANMAR AND ITS POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON THE COUNTRY’S ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL SECTORS
No full textSustainability is the intersection of the environmental, economic, and social sectors. A goal USAID project in Myanmar is to institutionalize sustainability in all three sectors of the seafood industry, especially the aquaculture. Myanmar is currently in a state of political, economic, and environmental turmoil, and a sustainable seafood industry and aquaculture would benefit the nation. The plan involves restoring invaluable aquatic natural resources, improving the supply chain and governance of the seafood industry, and creating stability through food security and social equity. The effects that each of these central goals of the project have on the country are guided through the principles that the GPO, a World Bank organization, uses in assessing programs with the goal of sustainability. The effects will also be confirmed through the comparison to Vietnam, a nation that has experienced a rapid growth in their aquaculture. However, because of the lack of sufficient resources placed in the environmental sector, aquaculture is experiencing problems that are affecting the economic and social sectors. This proves that not only will the desired results create sustainability in the seafood industry of Myanmar, but also demonstrates the importance of finding a balance between each of the three sectors
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RUNWAYS, RUNOFF, AND RESTORATION: A REVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIRPORTS AND WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS
No full textWetlands are a vital ecosystem found broadly across the planet, but their abundance is shrinking due to anthropogenic causes. Despite federal policies and international conventions to protect the world's wetlands, they are shrinking in size and quantity. Inversely, airport transport is increasing globally. Although airports are not the only culprits of wetland loss, many airports around the world are built on wetlands and continue to degrade and destroy wetland ecosystems. In addition to the destruction of the wetland they are built on, airports change natural hydrology, increase water pollution, and decrease the biodiversity of wetlands. Inversely, wetlands can negatively impact airports by decreasing takeoff visibility and increasing the risk of bird strikes which can damage aircraft and harm passengers. All of these factors diminish the vitality of wetlands and the ecosystem services they provide the planet. The environmental relationship between airports and the wetlands they are built upon is not always negative, but diverse and different around the world. Some airports, like Helsinki Finavia, have created wetland ecosystems and increased the benefits they receive from wetlands, while other airports, like the Denver International Airport, have unfortunately destroyed wetland areas and failed to restore the ecosystem. Additional solutions for the restoration and protection of wetlands are reviewed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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