1,720,973 research outputs found
Akrotiri Aetokremnos and the Cypriot Pygmy Hippopotamus: An Interdisciplinary Look at a Late Pleistocene Large Mammal Extinction
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2015The cause for large mammal extinctions in the Late Pleistocene has been debated for decades, with two main factors constantly discussed--human hunting and climatic change. The Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus represents a case study of one such extinction event. The last appearance of this species is at the archaeological site Akrotiri Aetokremnos (~12,000 cal. B.P.), the oldest well-dated site on Cyprus. This dissertation represents interdisciplinary analyses surrounding the faunal remains of the Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus at this site, in an attempt to create a more holistic picture of the dynamics of this event and parse out the potential relative impacts of climate change and humans. First, a morphological comparison between other extinct and extant hippopotamids allows the inferences of the behavior and subsistence strategies of the Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus. This is then correlated with the Late Pleistocene climatic change, and documented through stable isotope studies from the Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus remains, showing that this species would have been susceptible to such dramatic change. After the discussion of this paleoecological context, the archaeological site is evaluated for any evidence of post-depositional taphonomic processes which could potentially skew the representation of faunal remains--creating biases. Next, comparing the demographic profiles at Akrotiri Aetokremnos to theoretical and ecological profiles shows compelling evidence that humans hunted this species. With this in mind, a detailed assessment of the skeletal representation at the site allows the inference of human behavior--attempting to identify how humans may have procured and/or utilized this species. Overall, this work sheds light on this species' dynamics, the nature of accumulation at this particular site, and begins the discussion of how the earliest Cypriots may have procured and interacted with the species
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Of Pots and People: Investigating Hunter-Gatherer Pottery Production and Social Networks in the Kuril Islands
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2014Ethnographic and archaeological research shows that hunter-gatherers have colonized and inhabited a diverse range of environmental settings. One example of this is the occupation of the unique sub-arctic, island environment of the Kuril archipelago located in Northeast Asia. This research aims to investigate the strategies used by hunter-gatherers to meet the challenges associated with colonization and habitation of this dynamic landscape. Building from a human behavioral ecology framework, this research develops a model that provides a series of predictions for the structure of social networks in response to differing levels of environmental uncertainty within the Kuril Islands. Using a novel methodological approach, models of social relationships are derived from the compositional data of pottery indicating the movement of artifacts across the landscape. Once network models from archaeological data have been constructed, social network analysis methods are utilized to visually and quantitatively assess archaeological networks in relation to model expectations. In addition to investigating social network patterns, this research also provides a thorough and systematic approach to understanding the production and use of pottery within maritime foraging societies of the Kuril Islands. This includes the development of a regional pottery typology that contributes to the growing body of knowledge concerning the occupation history of the region. The research also investigated the technological attributes of pottery remains by utilizing a range for archaeometric methods to infer the pottery production process as well as regional and cultural differences in the use of pottery technology. Results of this research suggest that the colonization and settlement of the Kuril Islands is a complex process highly influenced by a range of environmental, cultural and demographic factors. In contrast to the theoretical expectations about the influence of biogeography, results suggest that environmental and geographic variables are not the primary influence on the colonization and long-term habitation of the Kuril Islands. Changes in the production and use of pottery vessels as well as differences in social network structures suggest the major differences recognized in the archipelago are primarily due to socio-cultural influences. This research supports a growing body of knowledge that living in marginal island landscapes is not comparable to living in geographic isolation but rather populations in these regions are highly influenced by broader political and economic conditions
Stories of Sugpiaq Survivance: Uncovering Lifeways at Ing'yuq Village
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2023This dissertation explores various storytelling methods in archaeology, as situated within a community-based project in Old Harbor, Alaska, a Sugpiaq village in the Kodiak Archipelago. The research is grounded in archaeologies of survivance, which center Native presence, sovereignty, and futurity throughout the archaeological research process. As a concept, survivance is an important intervention within studies of settler colonialism, especially in North America, because it encourages researchers to consider multiple ways of knowing beyond the dominant systems of the academy. Epistemic diversity creates rigorous and robust research practices and interpretations, and often leads to new insights when data are contextualized within specific Indigenous epistemic communities. In this dissertation, an engagement with survivance has led to the co-creation of storytelling methods with collaborators in Old Harbor. These story methods work to both interpret archaeological data and effectively communicate and engage with the Old Harbor community. Story genres employed in this dissertation include story-models for hypothesis generation, fictive narrative, personal reflection, artistic reconstruction, and object-centered vignettes. These stories were generated as part of the Old Harbor Archaeological History Project (OHAHP). The purpose of OHAHP is to uncover Sugpiaq lifeways during the Russian colonial period (1760s to 1867 CE) in the Old Harbor region. This dissertation research focuses on labor practices, foodways, and elements of residence and governance among the people of Ing’yuq Village (KOD-114). Sugpiaq ancestors lived at Ing’yuq, located on Sitkalidak Island, for at least a century prior to Russian arrival in 1784, and persisted in place until the year 1840. This dissertation draws on data from archaeological excavations at Ing’yuq, critical examinations of the ethnohistoric and archival documentation of the Russian colonial period, and ethnographic interviews with Old Harbor community members to examine Sugpiaq negotiations of Russian colonialism. Analysis of these data reveal how Sugpiaq ancestors at Ing’yuq creatively maintained their relationships to their homelands through the tumultuous period of Russian occupation. Archaeofaunal remains from the Ing’yuq site show that people ate a wider variety of locally-procured foods and lived at Ing’yuq year-round during the Russian colonial period, which contrasts with indications of seasonal occupation in the century prior to Russian arrival. This signals a consolidation of the population, as men were sent away to hunt sea otter in distant regions for months at a time, and women pooled their labor to address Russian demands for goods. By reorganizing households, Sugpiaq families sought to maintain community even while so many relatives were lost to violence, disease, and removal. Analysis of belongings (a.k.a. artifacts) found that processing and manufacturing were the predominant activities in both the precolonial and colonial period deposits at Ing’yuq. That pattern roughly fits in with the characterization of belongings from other late precolonial and early colonial sites in southeastern Kodiak, suggesting a continuity of practice within these villages through time. The ubiquity of locally made pottery at Ing’yuq and the diversity of ulus found at the site suggest that Sugpiaq crafting traditions continued into the Russian colonial period, despite the increasing availability of imported goods through time. Storytelling is what holds these archaeological conclusions together and makes them make sense anthropologically and in community. The narrative that emerges from integrating the archaeological interpretations together is one of persistence and survivance by Sugpiaq people as they navigated, and continue to navigate, waves of Russian and American colonialism within their homelands. The use of collaborative storytelling in this dissertation contributes a novel framework for interpretation of the past. In using multiple storytelling strategies throughout this dissertation, I showcase a grounded method for making sense of archaeological data within an Indigenous survivance framework that weaves together cultural stories, archaeological data, personal narratives, and oral history to prioritize Indigenous experiences in our telling of Indigenous histories
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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