177,770 research outputs found
On Revenge and Punishment : Arguments for a Crucial Distinction
No full textIn this chapter, the author proposes a psychoanalytic distinction between revenge and punishment. Punishment is conceptualized as a form of violence exerted by an authority-holder against a subordinate due to the latter’s not having complied with a command or wish of the former. Instead, revenge is conceptualized as a form of violence exerted by an individual against another outside any authority relationship. After conceptualizing punishment and revenge the author shows that: (1) the same act may be caused by both an urge for punishment and one for revenge; (2) composition is possible only in the case of an urge for revenge; (3) a form of composition can be the establishment of a new authority relationship (composition-by-submission); (4) expiation, or atonement, cannot be regarded as a form of composition; (5) guilt always involves—at least at an unconscious level—the establishment of a new authority relationship; (6) the term “authorized revenge” may be referred to quite heterogenous phenomena
ROLE OF SMYD3 IN SKELETAL MUSCLE ATROPHY AND MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
No full textEpigenetic regulation of gene expression plays a pivotal role in the establishment of developmental programs and the maintenance of the differentiated state. Among the different actors involved in this scenery, the modifications of histones tail are implicated with the propagation of gene expression patterns.
Our group is focused on SMYD3, a histone-methyltransferase which is reported to be is highly expressed in normal conditions only in the embryo, in adult skeletal muscle and in few other tissues. In light of SMYD3 restricted expression, we asked whether it might play a role during myogenesis and/or muscle maintenance but also when it plays its role during development.
We firstly have clarified the role of the histone-methyltransferase SMYD3 as a modulator of two factors involved in muscle-growth regulation and muscle atrophy, myostatin and c-Met transcription. Our results uncover a novel role for SMYD3 in recruiting the bromodomain protein BRD4. SMYD3 engages BRD4 and the positive transcription elongation factor complex (p-TEFb), triggering the phosphorylation on Serine 2 of the RNA Polymerase II, which favors the transcription elongation. Our data show that treatment with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 protects myotubes size reduction induced by dexamethasone administration and hinders pro-atrophic factors upregulation. These results suggest that JQ1 may represent a novel pharmacological avenue to alleviate muscle loss associated with muscle atrophy.
We then clarify the role played by SMYD3 in embryonic development. Recent study in zebrafish model suggests that SMYD3 plays an important role in the development of heart. Therefore we decided to investigate the role of SMYD3 by employing mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) as a model of developmental differentiation toward cardiomyocytes. We observed that the expression levels of cardiac markers as well as cardiovascuolar progenitor markers were increased in SMYD3 depleted embryoid bodies. To further disclose the role of SMYD3 in embryoid bodies differentiation we also analyzed markers of the primitive streak and transcripts involved in EMT. We report the SMYD3 played a role during early stages of embryonic stem cells differentiation
Tackling skeletal muscle cells epigenome in the next-generation sequencing era
No full textRecent advances in high-throughput technologies have transformed methodologies employed to study cell-specific epigenomes and the approaches to investigate complex cellular phenotypes. Application of next-generation sequencing technology in the skeletal muscle differentiation field is rapidly extending our knowledge on how chromatin modifications, transcription factors and chromatin regulators orchestrate gene expression pathways guiding myogenesis. Here, we review recent biological insights gained by the application of next-generation sequencing techniques to decode the epigenetic profile and gene regulatory networks underlying skeletal muscle differentiation
¿Fluye la tendencia monocrática en el sur de Europa? Una comparación entre España e Italia
No full textDuration and durability of the Italian Governments: an Old Paradox Revisited
No full textThe Italian paradox of ‘stable instability’ characterized the First Republic, with a very short duration of governments but with a stable political class. During the last twenty years we notice a “partially” growing of governmental duration, but what about the stability of the political class along with the crisis of party government? This question calls for empirical investigation in search of a more precise understanding. First, this article will focus on the concepts of duration and durability of the Italian executives and its ministers, as a premise of further comparative analysis. Second, it will investigate the Italian ministerial elite to catch the decreasing role of political parties in stabilizing the political class. Finally, we will concentrate attention on the instability of the Italian party system as one of the main explanations of (the lack of) governmental durability. This leads to the conclusion that, leaving apart the rhetoric of stronger Italian executives, Italy has been living a period of greater instability.
Ergonomic Design Approach for an Urban Bus
No full textThe paper aims to describe a functional design methodology for the development of new products for the passenger transport vehicle sector through an innovative application process. The IBIS (Innovative Bus Integrated and Sustainable) project is part of a specific industrial research and experimental development program in the automotive sector, focused on the construction of an electric-powered modular bus with eco-sustainability characteristics. The project followed a collaborative process that involved researchers, experts in different disciplines and the supply chain of small and medium-sized Campania companies, with a view to integration, collaboration and hybridization of knowledge. The research investigates the evolution of sustainable mobility models in the post-digital scenario, focused on the smart city topic and sharing strategies with the automotive supply chain. Sustainability is the main reference of the research line with reference not only to the product but to the interaction with smart urban systems
Floating zone growth of eutectic Srn+1RunO 3n+1 crystals
No full textA novel route to engineer Sr2RuO4/Sr 3Ru2O7 and Sr3Ru2O 7/Sr4Ru3O10 natural junctions has been successfully pursued by eutectic solidification in a double-mirror optical floating zone furnace in the flux feeding floating zone configuration with Ru self-flux. The synthesis procedure of the polycrystalline rod is found to be a critical factor for the crystal growth. Both eutectic systems grow in the [100] direction and cleave in the a -b plane as the single phase crystals. Extensive XRD and SEM studies show that the nature of the eutectic solidification enables the displacement of the two phases in an ordered lamellar pattern piling up along the crystallographic c-axis. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Come cambiano i Ministri. L’emergere della classe politica extra-partitica in cinque democrazie
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