1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
AI Never Sleeps: Algorithmically Ordered Reason as a Technology for Governing the Self
No full textKünstliche Intelligenz markiert einen epistemischen Wandel, der als spezifische Materialisierung subjektiver Rationalität verstanden werden kann. Um ein tieferes Verständnis für die Effekte dieses Wandels zu erlangen, werfe ich einen Rückblick auf die historische Entwicklung der Mathematisierung logisch-philosophischer Prämissen und ihrer späteren Implementierung in Entscheidungsalgorithmen der Künstlichen Intelligenz. Auf diese Weise können generative Algorithmen als technische Materialisierung einer instrumentellen Vernunft verstanden werden, mit entsprechenden Implikationen für das Verhältnis von Ursache und Wirkung, Wahrheit und Faktizität, Subjekt und Objekt, Individuum und kollektiver Praxis.Artificial intelligence marks an epistemic shift that can be understood as a specific materialisation of subjective rationality. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of this epistemic shift, I look back at the historical development of the mathematisation of logical-philosophical premises and their subsequent implementation in decision algorithms of artificial intelligence. In this way, generative algorithms can be understood as the technical materialisation of instrumental reason, with corresponding implications for the relationship between cause and effect, truth and fact, subject and object, individual and collective practice
Mathematisierung der Wahrnehmung am Beispiel der Computational Neurosciences
No full textSeit Jahrhunderten gibt es den Wunsch, das komplexe Gefüge des Gehirns und der Denkprozesse zu formalisieren. Hannah Fitsch geht der Geschichte dieses Wunsches nach, indem sie mit Hilfe des Begriffs der Mathematisierung der Wahrnehmung die Geschichte der mathematischen Logik und der Übersetzungsprozesse in binäre/informatische Technologien nachzeichnet. Sie stellt dar, wie Methoden und Modelle aus der Mathematik und der Informatik Eingang in die Hirnforschung, in die Ideen des Denkens und in das Konzept des freien Willens gefunden haben. Aus einer feministisch informierten Science-and-Technology-Studies-Perspektive nähert sie sich der Mathematisierung des Blicks und der Wahrnehmung und stellt Fragen nach der Betrachtungsweise der Mensch/Maschine-Parallelen.TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel – 202
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Die Schönheit des Denkens: Mathematisierung der Wahrnehmung am Beispiel der Computational Neurosciences
Full text linkSeit Jahrhunderten gibt es den Wunsch, das komplexe Gefüge des Gehirns und der Denkprozesse zu formalisieren. Die Autorin geht der Geschichte dieses Wunsches nach, indem sie mit Hilfe des Begriffs der Mathematisierung der Wahrnehmung die Geschichte der mathematischen Logik und der Übersetzungsprozesse in binäre/informatische Technologien nachzeichnet. Sie stellt dar, wie Methoden und Modelle aus der Mathematik und der Informatik Eingang in die Hirnforschung, in die Ideen des Denkens und in das Konzept des freien Willens gefunden haben. Aus einer feministisch informierten Science-and-Technology-Studies-Perspektive nähert sie sich der Mathematisierung des Blicks und der Wahrnehmung und stellt Fragen nach der Betrachtungsweise der Mensch/Maschine-Parallelen
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Reflections on Binary Sex/Gender Categorization in Magnetic Resonance Tomography and its Future Challenges
Full text linkThis paper examines the role of technical, methodological conditions in functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) in the production of binary sex/gender differences. The aim is to investigate the scanning process with a focus on the statistical parameter of gendered markers within the technology, in order to make visible the problems entangled in typical research routines. It is especially important to elaborate this because the computer models currently being used and Big Data studies are reproducing and reapplying outdated and rigid concepts of sex/gender differences with the goal of improving science considerably. Therefore, the paper discusses the empirical methodologies and epistemic underpinnings of differentiation through statistics, and argues that counter-counting, weighing and sizing might not help to substantiate the idea of “equality” (not only for the sex/gender category) in brain studies. In relation to the topic of this special issue, I argue that in order to develop an interdisciplinary approach to criticizing dimorphism and differentiation by groups, a wider understanding of the technical and theoretical foundations used in brain research is needed
- …
