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A structural model of intrinsic motivation. On the psychology of means-ends fusion
No full textThe term intrinsic motivation refers to an activity being seen as its own end. Accordingly, we conceptualize intrinsic motivation (IM) as (perceived) means-ends fusion and define an intrinsicality continuum reflecting the degree to which such fusion is experienced. Our means-ends fusion (MEF) theory assumes four major antecedents of activity-goal fusion: (a) repeated pairing of the activity and the goal, (b) uniqueness of the activity-goal connection, (c) perceived similarity between the activity and its goal, and (d) temporal immediacy of goal attainment following the activity. MEF theory further identifies two major consequences of the activity-goal fusion (i.e., manifestations of intrinsic motivation): (a) perceived instrumentality of the activity to goal attainment and consequent activity engagement, and (b) goal-related affective experience of the activity. Empirical evidence for MEF theory comes from diverse fields of psychological inquiry, including animal learning, brain research, and social cognition
The Motivation-Cognition Interface in Conformity and Deviance
No full textThe motivation-cognition interface : from the lab to the real world : a festschrift in honor of Arie W. KruglanskiN
Needs Find a Way:Means-Shifts, Domain Jumps, and Leaps of Faith
Get PDFHow do people find alternative means to satisfy unmet needs? Current research mainly focuses on how people shift between means within a single goal domain. Yet, based on the principles of goal systems theory, the authors theorize that people can look beyond their current goal domain and “jump” to other, seemingly dissociated goal domains that serve the same need, or take a “leap” of faith to novel pursuits that are only indirectly associated with need fulfillment. These three mechanisms-means-shifts, domain jumps, and leaps of faith-follow a theoretical assumption that superordinate wants and needs are embedded in a broader associative network, comprised of multiple goal networks that are disconnected from each other but are nevertheless indirectly associated through a common need they serve. Hence, if a proximal means-shift is not instrumental, people can shift upward, to the need level, to find more remote alternatives associated with the need.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
From self-discontinuity to meaning through nostalgia
No full textIn his pioneering book Yearning for Yesterday: A Sociology of nostalgia, Fred Davis (1979) suggested that nostalgia serves to temporally connect disjointed self-aspects: “Nostalgia helps the individual construct continuity of identity by encouraging an appreciative stance toward former selves; excluding unpleasant memories; reinterpreting ‘marginal, fugitive, and eccentric facets of earlier selves’ in a positive light; and establishing benchmarks in one’s biography” (pp. 35–36). The prescient sociologist also suggested, that, when these temporally disjointed self-aspects become salient or accessible, the individual experiences “fears, discontents, anxieties, or uncertainties” (p. 34). In that case, nostalgia comes to the rescue by restoring the temporal bond among self-aspects: “it is these emotions and cognitive states that pose the threat of identity discontinuity ... that nostalgia seeks, by marshalling our psychological resources for continuity, to abort or, at the very least, deflect” (pp. 34–35). Davis, then, seemed to opine that self-discontinuity triggers nostalgia, which in turn increases self-continuity. We will elaborate on this idea, adding that self-continuity subsequently raises meaning in life (henceforth: meaning). We will envelop our proposal within a conceptual framework, the regulatory model of nostalgia
The role of anticipated emotions in the endowment effect
No full textTHE ROLE OF ANTICIPATED EMOTIONS IN THE ENDOWMENT EFFECT
The role of anticipated emotions in the endowment effect (-
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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