21,677 research outputs found
Father Andrew Mullen 1790-1818: a study in early nineteenth century spirituality
Full text linkThis thesis is laid out in three parts: Part I. The life and death of Andrew Mullen. The life is based, to a large extent, on a long letter to his mother, Catherine Mullen, dated 7 January 1810. The letter gives a definite insight into his spirituality based on his membership of the Archconfraternity of the Blessed Sacrament. There is a hint that he had a premonition of an early death. Part II. The burial of Andrew Mullen and the immediate cult to him This is based on documentary evidence. Part III. Most of this part is a catalogue of testimonies taken from 1993 onwards. Then there is the conclusion on the popular devotion to Andrew Mullen stressing the theological aspect of the subject. In the course of writing the thesis it was decided to separate the documentary evidence from the oral tradition. This was advantageous in developing the thesis, and the documents provided a secure basis for the oral tradition. Two pieces of information were found in March 1997. They are death notices: 2 January 1819, The Leinster Journal and 7 January 1819, The Car low Morning Post. There is a slight discrepancy between the two on the date of his death. Also this discrepancy shows a slight difference from the date of the tombstone
Distinct migratory and non-migratory ecotypes of an endemic New Zealand eleotrid (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) – implications for incipient speciation in island freshwater fish species
Full text linkBackground: Many postglacial lakes contain fish species with distinct ecomorphs. Similar evolutionary scenarios might be acting on evolutionarily young fish communities in lakes of remote islands. One process that drives diversification in island freshwater fish species is the colonization of depauperate freshwater environments by diadromous (migratory) taxa, which secondarily lose their migratory behaviour. The loss of migration limits dispersal and gene flow between distant populations, and, therefore, is expected to facilitate local morphological and genetic differentiation. To date, most studies have focused on interspecific relationships among migratory species and their non-migratory sister taxa. We hypothesize that the loss of migration facilitates intraspecific morphological, behavioural, and genetic differentiation between migratory and non-migratory populations of facultatively diadromous taxa, and, hence, incipient speciation of island freshwater fish species.
Results: Microchemical analyses of otolith isotopes (Sr-88, Ba-137 and Ca-43) differentiated migratory and non-migratory stocks of the New Zealand endemic Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall (Eleotridae). Samples were taken from two rivers, one lake and two geographically-separated outgroup locations. Meristic analyses of oculoscapular lateral line canals documented a gradual reduction of these structures in the non-migratory populations. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints revealed considerable genetic isolation between migratory and non-migratory populations. Temporal differences in reproductive timing (migratory = winter spawners, non-migratory = summer spawners; as inferred from gonadosomatic indices) provide a prezygotic reproductive isolation mechanism between the two ecotypes.
Conclusion: This study provides a holistic look at the role of diadromy in incipient speciation of island freshwater fish species. All four analytical approaches (otolith microchemistry, morphology, spawning timing, population genetics) yield congruent results, and provide clear and independent evidence for the existence of distinct migratory and non-migratory ecotypes within a river in a geographically confined range. The morphological changes within the non-migratory populations parallel interspecific patterns observed in all non-migratory New Zealand endemic Gobiomorphus species and other derived gobiid taxa, a pattern suggesting parallel evolution. This study indicates, for the first time, that distinct ecotypes of island freshwater fish species may be formed as a consequence of loss of migration and subsequent diversification. Therefore, if reproductive isolation persists, these processes may provide a mechanism to facilitate speciation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Extending Spider Diagrams for policy definition
No full textSpider Diagrams (SDs) are a well-established visual language used to specify sets, their relationships, and constraints on their cardinalities. We propose two extensions allowing their use in the definition of temporal policies. Firstly, Timed SDs (TSDs) enable the expression of temporal constraints. We adopt an interval-based model of calendar time, permitting diagram elements to be specified to exist only over some interval. We introduce basic TSDs, where time constraints refer to an entire diagram rather than individual elements, as a canonical form for TSDs, and decompose complex TSDs into comic strip-like sequences of basic TSDs. Secondly, we introduce an innovative usage of SDs by specialising and adapting them to an OO-modelling context: in type-SDs a spider represents a type, whereas in instance-SDs a spider represents a specific object of a given type. A notion of conformance of an instance-SD to a type-SD ensues and we extend the concepts to instance-TSDs and type-TSDs. Finally, we combine extensions to allow the specification of temporal policies, which define permissible states for instances of some given type over a period without temporal gaps in it, and introduce a notion of conformance to a policy for a sequence of time-annotated instances. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Policy Specifications with Timed Spider Diagrams
No full textSpider Diagrams are a well-established visual language used to specify sets, their relationships, and constraints on their cardinalities but they have no means of specifying temporal aspects of a system. Timed Spider Diagrams are an evolution enabling the specification of temporal constraints, with a granular-based time system, for use in areas such as policy specification. In this paper we introduce event based actions to this framework and illustrate with examples from models of an automatic parking meter system, and an internet billing system
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Online region computations for Euler diagrams with relaxed drawing conventions
Full text linkAbstractEuler diagrams are an accessible and effective visualisation of data involving simple set-theoretic relationships. Efficient algorithms to quickly compute the abstract regions of an Euler diagram upon curve addition and removal have previously been developed (the single marked point approach, SMPA), but a strict set of drawing conventions (called well-formedness conditions) were enforced, meaning that some abstract diagrams are not representable as concrete diagrams. We present a new methodology (the multiple marked point approach, MMPA) enabling online region computation for Euler diagrams under the relaxation of the drawing convention that zones must be connected regions. Furthermore, we indicate how to extend the methods to deal with the relaxation of any of the drawing conventions, with the use of concurrent line segments case being of particular importance. We provide complexity analysis and compare the MMPA with the SMPA. We show that these methods are theoretically no worse than other comparators, whilst our methods apply to any case, and are likely to be faster in practise due to their online nature. The machinery developed for the concurrency case could be of use in Euler diagram drawing techniques (in the context of the Euler Graph), and in computer graphics (e.g. the development of an advanced variation of a winged edge data structure that deals with concurrency). The algorithms are presented for generic curves; specialisations such as utilising fixed geometric shapes for curves may occur in applications which can enhance capabilities for fast computations of the algorithms' input structures. We provide an implementation of these algorithms, utilising ellipses, and provide time-based experimental data for benchmarking purposes
Rights and obligations of new entrants into the southern bluefin tuna and other international fisheries
Full text linkThis thesis analyses the legal issues arising when a fully exploited or overexploited international fishery cannot, because a significant part of the fishing takes place on the high seas where there is a customary and conventional right of all States for their national to fish on the high seas, readily be closed to new entrants. If the complete collapse of the fishery predicted by the economics literature (and in many instances borne out by real-world examples) is not to ensue, some way must be found of circumventing this problem of open access. Drawing largely on the documented history of the interactions among the States (and Taiwan) involved in the southern bluefin tuna (SBT) fishery, supplemented where relevant by reports of meetings of treaty-based commissions managing other international fisheries, the thesis traces, and attempts to explain, the development of a property-rights mentality among existing participants in the fisheries implicit in the arguments they employ to minimise newcomers’ catch or keep them out altogether. Though at odds with the formal rule, to which they nonetheless continue to appear attached, some accommodation of the property concept will be needed if the recovery of the stocks to the biomass that generates the maximum sustainable yield is ever to take place. At present the participants in the SBT and other depleted international fisheries have insufficient incentive to insist on the catch reductions necessary to permit this recovery and thereby, it is argued, are collectively in breach of their obligations to all other States that are potential new entrants. Among the possible solutions explored are the development of trading in fishery commission quotas – these, as shown by an analysis from first principles, are negative obligations (for catch not to exceed given limits) and thus lack the positive characteristics of truly tradable assets, but, as also demonstrated, they can even so be made to fulfil asset-like functions if the commission as a whole is willing. The well developed system of accounting for catch that any worthwhile trading mechanism would require in turn gives rise to the conclusion that this, in the form of State responsibility – in terms of both attribution of fishing activities on the high seas to the flag State and the secondary obligation to wipe out the consequences of breach of a primary obligation that occurs when limits are exceeded – has hitherto been a neglected area of international fisheries law that invites further research. Meanwhile, the paradoxical result is that the freedom to fish is not just the source of the overfishing problem but potentially also a necessary part of its solution, in that a small number of new entrants may be the only ones with a sufficient economic interest to enforce the obligation to permit the stocks’ recovery
Andrew Field papers
No full textAndrew Field (1938- ) is a scholar, translator, and author, who has published translations of Russian literature, critical studies, biographies, fiction, essays, and travel articles. He holds degrees from Columbia University as well as a Ph.D. from the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. From 1977 to 1979, he was a professor at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. Dr. Field's papers consist of materials relating to the writing of his 1983 study of the life and work of Djuna Barnes, Djuna: the Formidable Miss Barnes (alternately entitled Djuna: The Life and Times of Djuna Barnes). Included in the collection are correspondence, manuscripts, research notes, clippings related to the book's publication and reception, and photographs. Also included is a handwritten manuscript of a poem by Barnes
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