1,727 research outputs found
Joseph Bimeler letter to Peter Kaufmann, June 8, 1844
No full textLetter from J. M. Bimeler (by Christian Weibel) to Peter Kaufmann, acknowledging receipt of Bibles and spelling books and ordering more Bibles. He repeats his statement from his letter of April 31, 1844, of a preference for Bibles that embrace the Apocrypha. The letter also requests a catalog of books on hand at Kaufmann's establishment.
Led by Joseph Bimeler (sometimes spelled Bäumeler) in 1817, a group of Lutheran separatists left Germany and eventually established the small community of Zoar in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. The group formed the Society of Separatists of Zoar, in which each person donated his or her property to the community as a whole, and in exchange for their work, the society would provide for them. After decades of economic prosperity, the unity of the village declined, and by 1898 the Zoarites disbanded the society.
Peter Kaufmann was a German immigrant and intellectual. He arrived first in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1820; in 1826 he became professor of languages at the Harmony Society town of Economy, Pennsylvania. In 1827, Kaufmann led the establishment of Teutonia, a utopian community in Columbiana County, Ohio, and published its weekly titled "Teutonia: The Herald of a Better Time." Following this he moved to Canton, Ohio, where he became translator and editor of "Der Vaterlandsfreund und Geist der Zeit" under Solomon Sala. Additionally, Kaufmann wrote a number of books on education, as well as a German almanac. He was also an influential Democrat, counting President Van Buren among his friends, and knew Ralph Waldo Emerson
Algorithmic control of a multifunction hand prosthesis
No full textResearch in the Control Engineering Group at Southampton University has established and demonstrated the principles of hierarchical control of multiple degree of freedom prosthetic hands. Through a number of prototypes the concept has been refined. The control is made as simple as possible. The user issues instruction via a single electromyographic channel and an electronic controller manages the grip posture and tension, adapting it to the most suitable shape, depending on the outline and size of the object. The details of the object are gained from sensors upon and within the artificial hand. Thus the conscious control by the user is minimised. The most recent work, which forms the substance of this thesis, is based on experiments using two different prostheses, controlled in the same hierarchical way. The first hand is a specially designed four degree of freedom prosthesis. Attention was paid in the design to ease of manufacture and potential production of the device. This prosthesis was controlled by an integrated circuit microprocessor and manual tasks were performed by the author, using the hand upon a splint, mounted on his own arm. An additional hand was based on a commercial single degree of freedom hand. The entire system including the electronic controller was made portable so that it could be worn in the field by the user of a conventional artificial hand and an assessment of its practicality made. The transducers used were adapted and improved for application upon the hands and sensors designed to detect both object contact and slip was developed. In addition different techniques for detecting object movement were explored. The resulting experience allowed a nunber of recommendations to be made concerning the future research in prosthetics as well as more general applications for an adaptive hand.</p
Peter Weiss, Spain: Peter Weiss, Painting
No full textPeter Weiss, España: Peter Weiss, Pintura, vincula dos aspectos poco tratados en torno a la figura del pintor y dramaturgo alemán Peter Weiss (1916-1982). En primer lugar, redescubre la relación que el autor mantiene con España a raíz del análisis de documentos relevantes. Por otro lado, llama la atención sobre la producción gráfica y la obra pictórica de un dramaturgo que ve el mundo como un pintor contemporáneo, como un sujeto moderno.Peter Weiss, Spain: Peter Weiss, Painting, links two aspects little treated concerning the figure of the painter and German playwright Peter Weiss (1916-1982). First, it re-discovers the relation that the author supports with Spain following the analysis of relevant documents. On the other hand, it calls the attention on the graphical production and the pictorial work of a playwright who sees the world as a contemporary painter, as a modern subject
Hand eczema
No full textDas Handekzem ist ein sehr häufiges und weit verbreitetes Krankheitsbild. Vermutlich wurde es zum ersten mal im neunzehnten Jahrhundert beschrieben. Die sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen sind enorm, was sich vor allem mit der hohen Inzidenz und Prävalenz des Handekzems in der Bevölkerung begründet. Die unterschiedliche Schwere der Symptome hat auch gewaltige Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität des Patienten.
Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit ist es, einen umfassenden und kritischen Überblick der gegenwärtigen Literatur und wissenschaftlichen Studien zur Epidemiologie, Pathogenese, Klassifizierung und Behandlung des chronischen Handekzems zu verschaffen.
Zu diesem Zweck wurden elektronische Datenbanken nach wissenschaftlichen Studien und Berichten zum chronischen Handekzem durchsucht.
Diese Suche ergab 16 unterschiedliche Behandlungsmethoden, die in 53 wissenschaftlichen Studien der letzten 40 Jahre erwähnt wurden.
Die sorgfältige Auswertung dieser Studien ergibt, dass nur 8 der 53 Studien die Kriterien für doppelblinde randomisierte klinische Studien erfüllen.
Fünf dieser erwähnten Studien benützen im Halbseitenversuch eine Hand des Patienten zur Intervention, während die andere als Kontrolle genutzt wird. Daher wurden insgesamt nur drei klinische Studien gefunden, die eine überschaubare Methodik zur Randomisierung der Patienten, doppelblinde Patienten und Versuchsleiter und separate Kontrollgruppen aufweisen können.
Dies bedeutet, dass Daten einer Population von nur 1392 Patienten aus drei wissenschaftlichen Studien als Grundlage für die Behandlung dieses weit verbreiteten Krankheitsbildes angewendet werden können.
Ferner werden die Unzulänglichkeiten der Studien diskutiert und Empfehlungen gemacht, um diese in Zukunft zu vermeiden.
Zusätzlich wurden Patientendaten von 107 Patienten mit refraktärem Handekzem, die mit Creme-PUVA-Photochemotherapie in der Lichttherapie-Abteilung in der Hautklinik der Heinrich Heine Universität in Düsseldorf behandelt wurden, gesammelt und ausgewertet. Diese Daten wurden schliesslich als Studie bei einer wissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschrift eingereicht.
Vollständiger oder teilweiser Rückgang des Handekzems wurde bei 78% der behandelten Patienten bemerkt. Die Therapie bewies sich als wirkungsvoller an Patienten mit hyperkeratotisch-rhagadiformem (85%) und dyshidrotischem (81.1%) Handekzem als bei Patienten, die unter dem atopischen (66.67%) oder Kontaktekzem (20%) litten.
Vollständiger oder teilweiser Rückgang des Handekzems wurde bei 83% der männlichen und bei 72.7% der weiblichen Patienten bemerkt. Zwei der Patienten klagten über Hautrötungen als Nebeneffekt der Bestrahlungstherapie.
Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Creme-PUVA-Photochemotherapie als wirksame Behandlungsmethode von chronischem Handekzem. Dies gilt insbesondere für das günstige Sicherheitsprofil in Bezug auf kurz- und langfristige Nebenwirkungen.
Abschliessend wird ein Vorschlag für einen Behandlungs-Algorithmus für das chronische Handekzem diskutiert. Hierfür werden die behandelten Studien als Grundlage genutzt.
Die Bedeutung der regelmässigen Anwendung von Emollients und Kortikosteroiden sollte betont werden. Der nächste Schritt in der Behandlung sollte UV Bestrahlungstherapie oder Alitretinoin sein. Cyclosporine bieten sich als weiterer Schritt an, wobei Röntgenbestrahlung nur für behandlungsrefraktäre Fälle angewendet werden sollte
Relationship between Micrometer to Submicrometer Surface Roughness and Topography Variations of Natural Iron Oxides and Trace Element Concentrations
No full textThe surface area and roughness of natural iron oxide precipitations were quantified by 3D optical microscopy in order to get information about fluid-rock interface topography in high-permeability zones. Converged surface roughness data of microscale to submicroscale topography show the predominance of macroporous half-pores (> 500 nm) and the occurrence of smaller half-pores (<500 nm) that dominate the BET surface area of iron oxides. A relationship was found between the occurrence of macroporous surface structures (micrometer range) and the uranium content of iron oxide encrustations. Iron-normalized uranium concentrations of an X-ray amorphous iron oxide encrustation correlate linearly with maximum topography heights of 1 to 2 mu m on hand specimen subsamples. Our study shows the potential importance of micrometer- to submicrometer-size surface features, whose environmental impact is often ignored
The novel POSEIDON stratification of ‘Low prognosis patients in Assisted Reproductive Technology’ and its proposed marker of successful outcome [version 1; referees: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
No full textIn reproductive medicine little progress has been achieved regarding the clinical management of patients with a reduced ovarian reserve or poor ovarian response (POR) to stimulation with exogenous gonadotropins -a frustrating experience for clinicians as well as patients. Despite the efforts to optimize the definition of this subgroup of patients, the existing POR criteria unfortunately comprise a heterogeneous population and, importantly, do not offer any recommendations for clinical handling. Recently, the POSEIDON group (Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number) proposed a new stratification of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in patients with a reduced ovarian reserve or unexpected inappropriate ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins. In brief, four subgroups have been suggested based on quantitative and qualitative parameters, namely, i. Age and the expected aneuploidy rate; ii. Ovarian biomarkers (i.e. antral follicle count [AFC] and anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH]), and iii. Ovarian response - provided a previous stimulation cycle was performed. The new classification introduces a more nuanced picture of the “low prognosis patient” in ART, using clinically relevant criteria to guide the physician to most optimally manage this group of patients. The POSEIDON group also introduced a new measure for successful ART treatment, namely, the ability to retrieve the number of oocytes needed for the specific patient to obtain at least one euploid embryo for transfer. This feature represents a pragmatic endpoint to clinicians and enables the development of prediction models aiming to reduce the time-to-pregnancy (TTP). Consequently, the POSEIDON stratification should not be applied for retrospective analyses having live birth rate (LBR) as endpoint. Such an approach would fail as the attribution of patients to each Poseidon group is related to specific requirements and could only be made prospectively. On the other hand, any prospective approach (i.e. RCT) should be performed separately in each specific group
Dicerorhinus Gloger 1841
No full textDicerorhinus Gloger, 1841. Gemein Hand.-Hilfsbuch. Nat., p. 125. TYPE SPECIES: Rhinoceros sumatrensis Fischer, 1814. SYNONYMS: Ceratorhinus, Didermocerus. COMMENTS: Didermocerus Brookes, 1828, has been rejected, and Dicerorhinus validated (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1977b).Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Perissodactyla, pp. 369-372 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 371-372, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735311
Voucher privatization with investment funds : an institutional analysis
No full textCommon wisdom among post-socialist reformers has beento use voucher investment funds to provide the corporate governance needed to restructure newly privatized enterprises after mass privatization efforts. The idea has been that mass privatization would spread the ownership too wide and make corporate governance difficult. The author examines the likely institutional behavior of voucher funds and the possible effects of their development on a transition economy. Since most policy advice has been in favor of voucher privatization with investment funds, the author can be seen as playing the devil's advocate, but his argument is institutional, not statistical. Policymaking requires insight and foresight into how institutions will tend to function. He concludes that voucher funds will introduce a bias in the economy away from the real industrial sector toward an ersatz"financial sector"that will have little if any positive financial role but will be well-protected by friendly regulators. One long-term consequence of voucher privatization with investment funds, according to this view, is a de facto"industrial policy"of real sector decapitalization in favor of short-term rent-seeking by fund managers through board sinecures and lucrative side deals with portfolio companies and through financial market manipulation and paper entrepreneurship in the"financial sector."Without strong corporate governance from the funds and without stable ownership of their own, many enterprise managers will exploit the post-socialist version of the"separation of ownership and control"to grab what they can in the form of salaries, bonuses, perquisites, and side deals. The most likely results of the strategy of voucher privatization with investment funds may be a two-sided grab fest by fund managers and enterprise managers -- together with the accompanying drift, stagnation, and decapitalization of the privatized industrial sector.Economic Adjustment and Lending,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Adjustment and Lending,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
Hand(y) hygiene insights: Applying three theoretical models to investigate hospital patients’ and visitors’ hand hygiene behavior
No full textBackground Improving hand hygiene in hospitals is the most efficient method to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The hand hygiene behavior of hospital patients and visitors is not well-researched, although they pose a risk for the transmission of pathogens. Therefore, the present study had three aims: (1) Finding a suitable theoretical model to explain patients' and visitors' hand hygiene practice; (2) Identifying important predictors for their hand hygiene behavior; and (3) Comparing the essential determinants of hand hygiene behavior between healthcare professionals from the literature to our non-professional sample. Methods In total N = 1,605 patients and visitors were surveyed on their hand hygiene practice in hospitals. The employed questionnaires were based on three theoretical models: a) the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB); b) the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA); and c) the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. To compare our results to the determinants of healthcare workers' hand hygiene behavior, we searched for studies that used one of the three theoretical models. Results Among patients, 52% of the variance in the hand hygiene behavior was accounted for by the TDF domains, 44% by a modified HAPA model, and 40% by the TPB factors. Among visitors, these figures were 59%, 37%, and 55%, respectively. Two clusters of variables surfaced as being essential determinants of behavior: self-regulatory processes and social influence processes. The critical determinants for healthcare professionals' hand hygiene reported in the literature were similar to the findings from our non-professional sample. Conclusions The TDF was identified as the most suitable model to explain patients' and visitors' hand hygiene practices. Patients and visitors should be included in existing behavior change intervention strategies. Newly planned interventions should focus on targeting self-regulatory and social influence processes to improve effectiveness
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Creating Liberal Germany From Empire to Exile: The Fischer Circle
No full textThe thesis focusses on the history and political thought of the Fischer circle, a group of journalists, theorists, and writers associated with the Berlin publishing house S. Fischer and its monthly review journal, Die Neue Rundschau.
In their opposition to the German Empire’s government; as the intellectual architects of the Weimar Republic; as publishers of exiled German writers in Sweden and the US; or as the Allies’ partners in building up a new Germany after 1945 these intellectuals were among the leading representatives of Germany’s liberal democratic left – ideologically rooted in so-called ‘classical liberal thought’ on the one hand, Kantian transcendental rationalism and German Idealist and Romanticist philosophies on the other.
The thesis reconstructs how the Fischer circle adapted and reinstated these ideological roots in the context of the political upheavals that Germany experienced in the first half of the twentieth century, for instance by constructing a model of cohesive, organic democratic representation towards the end of the First World War or by reinstating the Romanticist utopia of European unity in the context of the governmental crisis of 1923/24. One crucial result of this analysis has been how continuously the philosophical trajectories of ‘German’ freedom – reinvigorated by nineteenth-century Lebensphilosophie – served as central imaginative and normative resources for the political. The case of the Fischer circle indeed exemplifies that the political thought of the liberal democratic left continued to depend deeply on such ‘spiritual’ resources. Studying these intellectuals thus helps elucidating not only the long-term history of the idea of liberal democracy in Germany, but likewise the diversity of the political left.
In bringing together archival sources and published theoretical or essayistic texts, the thesis seeks to sensitise for the intimate interdependence of life, politics, and thought. At the same time, it brings to the fore the materiality of ideas and of modern political thought, meaning their financial and organisational dependence on patrons and distributors such as, in the case of the Fischer circle, Samuel Fischer, Kurt Wolff, Gottfried and Brigitte Bermann-Fischer, or Peter Suhrkamp
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