1,720,972 research outputs found
Push-and-twist drillstring assemblies
No full textDeep drilling using a rigid drillstring requires the assembly and disassembly of multiple drill pipes. The interfaces between these pipes provide a challenge for automation because they must transmit large drilling forces and movements while, at the same time, minimize the actions and forces that are needed to make or break the interface. A geometry which can address these requirements has been suggested by the authors. This approach would use a push-and-twist bayonet system to engage drill pipes, with torque transmission through the bayonet studs. A variety of L-shaped and T-shaped bayonet paths have been proposed to ensure that separation of specific drill pipes can be achieved through a combination of clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation and single-point clamping. Sustained drills into a variety of media are used to show that percussive impulses are transmitted across the interface, whilst ensuring that the drill interface is able to withstand the shock loading associated with hammer-drilling. These tests are repeated and contrasted to control experiments using a single-piece control drillstring, which allows the performance of the interface and any degradation over time to be quantified. Results suggest that the bayonet-style connection performs well with no significant performance losses encountered or structural degradation noted
Preliminary testing of the European Ultrasonic Planetary Core Drill (UPCD) in simulated permafrost terrain as a precursor to arctic field trials
No full textPlanetary drilling technologies which have been optimized for the exploration of the Polar Regions of Mars and the Moon must be equipped with the capability to operate in ice-bound terrain. This paper shall discuss the preliminary work of the authors in investigating the capability of a new ultrasonic/percussive drilling system in simulated permafrost, accomplished through a series of laboratory experiments. The results obtained have allowed the authors to conclude that the drill system is capable of drilling to the required depths in representative ice-bound materials, though particular care must be taken to avoid incidents involving the melting of liquid volatiles, bound within the simulated permafrost, and the subsequent seizing of the drill string which can result
Ultrasonically-assisted penetration of granular and cemented materials
No full textGranular material can often be penetrated by the application of high-frequency vibrations. This effect may be seen in loosely packed granular material, in permafrost where the discrete grains exist in an icy matrix, and even where those grains have been compacted and cemented to form a sedimentary rock. For space applications, the vibrations may be reasonably generated by a Langevin transducer and their energy delivered to the target material by a number of different mechanisms, depending on the nature of the target and the depth or bore diameter of the desired drill campaign. The application of such vibrations is generally associated with reductions in weight-on-bit and power requirements when compared to more traditional techniques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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