1,720,974 research outputs found
Synergising youth empowerment and co-design to transform Pasifika youth into agents of social change : a novel approach to advance healthy lifestyles in Pasifika communities : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health at Massey University, Wellington campus, New Zealand
Get PDFCurrent population health statistics demonstrate the need for innovative approaches to
improve health outcomes and prevent non-communicable disease (NCD) for Pasifika
peoples. This research builds off pilot studies on the effects of youth empowerment
programmes to address obesity-related issues amongst Pasifika communities. It developed
and tested an original model of co-design embedded within the youth empowerment
framework of the Pasifika Prediabetes Youth Empowerment Programme. The programme
was co-delivered with two community health service providers (one rural and one urban),
employing Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) methodology. N=29 youth
(aged 15-24 years) participated in eleven educational and capacity-building modules that
comprised the empowerment and co-design components during weekly sessions from MayOctober 2018. At the end of the programme, the model of co-design generated two
individualised community intervention action plans to reduce prediabetes in their
communities.
This research employed a qualitative research design with four data collection techniques
and thematic analysis to evaluate the effects of the tested programme. It used an original
framework of social change to determine the impacts on the youth’s values, knowledge, and
behaviours as well as the community organisations, and the socio-cultural norms of each
community. It also explicated the contextual considerations of programme uptake in each
location.
Overall, this research illustrated that co-design is an effective addition to empowerment
frameworks. It demonstrated how to operationalise co-design in a community-based setting
with youth, and the tested model provided a practical framework to translate empowerment
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outcomes into the community. The programme analyses also led to a more nuanced
understanding of social change. This research developed a concept of the process of social
change that can be used to inform future programme development and evaluation. This
research suggests future translations of the programme to maximise uptake and postulates
different community contexts and settings for delivery, beyond Pasifika prediabetes
prevention
Co-designing a community-based intervention for prediabetes among Tongan youths in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health at Massey University, Wellington Campus, New Zealand
Get PDFThe Tongan population is the second largest Pacific ethnic group in New Zealand, and they have a high rate of prediabetes, characterised by high obesity, hypertension, sedentary behaviours, and unhealthy diets. Addressing this condition through a Tongan community centred based programme, the progression of type 2 diabetes and future health complications can be prevented. Aim: The overall objective of this study was to investigate the Tongan youths and adults’ understanding of prediabetes by mobilising them into collective actions to lead healthier lives. Methods: There were three phases of this study. Phase one explored the perception and understanding of prediabetes and its impact on health and well-being among 8 youth and 11 adults. Phase two applied the Bratteteig co-design methodology to co-develop and implement a community-based intervention called Polokalama mo’ui lelei to address the main characteristics of prediabetes (diet, physical activity, weight management and enhanced knowledge about prediabetes). Phase three involved two online focus groups (youth group=4, adult group = 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of the Polokalama mo’ui lelei. Findings: Phase one findings highlighted that the Tongan youth and adults have limited knowledge of prediabetes which was attributed to the lack of understanding and access to health promotion services. This was compounded by generational health information that had been conceptualized within families, further enhancing their limited understanding. Phase two of the co-designed program showed improvements in weight management measurements; however, the number of participants was too small (n=10) to infer meaningful findings. Phase three findings highlighted key barriers for accessing the program, such as household income, education and motivation factors, and socio-cultural and economic factors. Conclusion: Education and knowledge about prediabetes was viewed as a major issue for the Tongan community members when they had learnt about it. The co-design approach in phase two was demonstrably a socially relevant approach to undertake with the Tongan community, but the method used was not a culturally relevant approach. As a result, a major development from this study was the establishment of the Fengaueaki Fakataha model, a new Tongan model of health. This model provides Tongan cultural insights and protocols which help explain the findings, and it could be used as a guide for conducting future research when working with Tongan communities
Māopoopo : a socio-cultural and collective understanding to improve wellbeing amongst Pacific people in Aotearoa/New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
No full textThe Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) healthcare system, has, like many other colonising ‘Western’ societies, placed a strong emphasis on biomedical models and the physical aspects of ‘disease’. Yet, it is the more encompassing and holistic worldviews of wellbeing that historically and currently resonate most strongly with Indigenous peoples. As a South Pacific country, there are many Pacific peoples who now live in Aotearoa/NZ with multiple generations having migrated from their island homelands over a period of some 80 years. However, there are significant health inequities among Pacific peoples compared with other ethnic groups in Aotearoa that have been ongoing for decades – notably those conditions related to non-communicable disease.
This thesis explores the socio-cultural and historical perspectives of Pacific peoples in order to expand understanding about how they view health and wellbeing, an area about which relatively little is known. These understandings have the potential to lead to improved service delivery models and contribute to better health outcomes for Pacific peoples in Aotearoa/NZ.
The overall objective of the study is to identify and articulate the values and principles that promote and enable Pacific peoples’ wellbeing and health in Aotearoa/NZ.
The aims of the study are to:
• draw on Tokelau knowledge of the cultural, historical, and social environment to better understand the influences on Pacific health and wellbeing
• examine strategies of health empowerment and wellbeing among Pacific youth, and
• examine service delivery models that can lead to improved Pacific health outcomes.
The Tokelau worldview of māopoopo was used as an overall principle to inform all phases of this study. Conceptually, māopoopo serves as a cultural connector with people, a motivator of action, and informs principles that guide behaviour in practice. Māopoopo as a practice in action is to restore peace and wholeness and to inform future thinking (lumanaki), which includes an inseparable relationship with te fenua (land) e laga kita ko te fenua (to be determined to look after the land). Māopoopo as a metaphysical state is described in relation to levels of the individual (te tino), the family (Kāiga), the village (te Nuku).
Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were carried out with a total of 37 participants including Tokelau elders, Tokelau community leaders, Tokelau adults, Pacific youth, and Pacific health and policy workers between July 2016 and January 2017. The data were analysed using thematic analysis and the emergent themes applied in relation to māopoopo.
There were seven key themes identified from this research. The first theme, kāiga (family), was interrelated with the values of loto alofa (kindness), fai kāiga (family orientated), fakaaloalo (respect), loto maualalo (humility), and loto fehoahoani (helping others). The second theme, duty of care (tiute tautua), related to traditional knowledge and the intergenerational transfer of that knowledge, particularly in relation to culture, land, and language. Maintaining family relationships (loto fai kāiga) was the third identified theme and fundamentally underpins and is interrelated with all the first five themes identified. The fourth theme, interconnectedness (fehokotakiga), highlights the breadth of relationships between people and understandings of interdependence as opposed to independence. The fifth theme, spirituality (olaga faka-te-agaga), recognizes the centrality of the church in Pacific communities. Health advocacy was the sixth key theme with the final key theme being the impact of inequities on Pacific wellbeing.
This thesis identifies Māopoopo as being an inclusive research approach that can have benefits for Pacific peoples while also having the potential to be developed within health policies to facilitate focus on collective action through effective cross-government and intersectoral approaches. In this way, it could be utilized to ensure effective approaches to collaboration between the health care system and the social, housing, employment, and education sectors. This work highlights the value and utility of applying Pacific understandings of wellbeing to support and empower communities through their active inclusion from the design through to the implementation of services. There is a great need for increased reciprocity in the relationships between government agencies and Pacific communities.
There was recognition of the need for the application of cultural practices and concepts into service delivery for Pacific peoples, such as provision of on-site bilingual health workers, and it is therefore imperative that core health delivery services are brought closer into alignment with the realities of Pacific communities, for example, through active engagement with churches.
There are significant gaps in health services for Pacific youth. This population group are an energetic group and, most importantly, the fastest growing population in Aotearoa. This current generation plays a significant role in terms of health advocacy, thus, to ensure relevant and effective impact within communities, they must be central players and key informers in the development of any interventions/strategies focussed on Pacific health and wellbeing. Further studies may well be useful to scope or investigate the healthcare services available for Pacific youth.
Associated with the position and role of youth within Pacific communities, is the largely untapped potential to utilise the unique skills and knowledge available through intergenerational approaches where the grandparents are the educators in terms of the passing on of cultural knowledge and values. Health services can be made aware of this important pathway by which knowledge is transferred and of the critical role grandchildren could have to change their grandparents’ attitudes towards health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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