1,720,974 research outputs found
Pengaruh Formulasi Pakan Hijauan (Rumput Gajah, Kaliandra dan Gamal) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Bobot Karkas Domba
Full text linkThe effect of forage formulation (elephant grass, kaliandra, and gamal leaves) on the growth and carcass of sheep
ABSTRACT. Feed is one of most important factors to increase animal production. Feeding animal with only one kind of grass such as elephant grass on ruminant animals including sheep is not able to increase the productivity of the animals. Kaliandra and gamal leaves contain high level of protein and can be formulated to ruminant nutrition. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of forage namely elephant grass (Penisetum sp.), kaliandra (Caliandra calothyrsus), and gamal (Gliricidia sepium) on the growth and carcass of sheep. Forty nine sheep with the starting weight of 15,42 kg (SD 2,68) were used in this experiment and fed fresh elephant grass (RGS), fresh kaliandra (KS), dried kaliandra (KKR) and steamed kaliandra (KKS). Treatment A: 70 % RGS + 30 % KS, B: 70 % RGS + 30 % GS, C: 70 % RGS + 15 % KS + 15 % GS, D: 70 % RGS + 15 % KKR + 15 % GS, E: 70 % RGS + 15 % KKS + 15 % GS. Animals were fed for 70 days and given free access of water (ad libitum). Data collection was the growth of animals (average daily gain) and the weight of carcass. All data was analyzed by ANOVA. The results of the experiment show that forage formulation (fresh elephant grass, fresh, dried and steamed kaliandra and fresh gamal leaves) were not significantly effect on the growth and carcass of sheep
Pengaruh Formulasi Pakan Hijauan (Kaliandra, Gamal dan Rumput Gajah) Terhadap Distribusi Protein dalam Saluran Pencernaan Domba
Full text linkFeed formulation influence of forage (Caliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium and Penisetum sp.) on distribution protein in sheep digestive tract
ABSTRACT. It was assumed that feed formulation given to animals has an effect on digested nutrient of the animals. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate nutrient contribution mainly protein in digestive tracts of sheep by forage formulation treatment (Caliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium and Penisetum sp.). Thirty (30) sheep tails with the average body weight 15,42 kg (SD 2,68) were fed forage with the following formulation: A. Fresh Penisetum sp. (FP) and fresh Caliandra calothyrsus (FC) (7 : 3 or 70 % + 30 %), B. Fresh Penisetum sp. (FP) and fresh Gliricidia sepium (FG) (7 : 3 or 70 % + 30 %), C. Fresh Penisetum sp. (FP), fresh Caliandra calothyrsus (FC) and fresh Gliricidia sepium (FG). The experiment was conducted for 90 days and water was provided ad libitum. Parameter recorded in this experiment were distribution of protein in sheep digestive tract, covers by protein rate in rumen, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, caecum, large intestine and rectal. Data recorded were processed by covariant analysis with body weight of sheep at the early experiment treatment as a covariant. Continuation test with Tukey test. The results of this research indicated that treatment had no significant effect on protein distribution of digestive tract. It was shown by protein content in digestive tract had no significantly difference among treatments ( P 0,05), except for rectum part
Suitability analysis of spiny lobster mariculture zones in Sabang waters, Indonesia
Full text linkThe lobster aquaculture industry has a high dependence on natural catch. Hence, lobster farming has become necessary. The waters in Sabang have the potential for developing lobster mariculture, but data is not yet available on the conditions of the aquatic environment that are suitable for lobster farming. This research aims to determine which locations are suitable for lobster mariculture activities in the waters of Sabang. The research parameters are divided into geographics, physicochemical, and supporting parameters. The geographical parameters group was collected through in-situ observations, and physicochemical parameters were measured in-situ and laboratory tests, supporting parameters through observations. Initial data analysis used the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), AHP (Analysis Hierarchy Process) methods, and spatial analysis to determine the suitability of lobster cultivation zones with the Geographic Information System (GIS). From the observations of geographical parameters, the three locations of the observation station were in the very suitable category. The results of measuring physicochemical parameters group in three research locations were very suitable. Based on observations of other supporting parameters, Lhok Krueng Raya is very suitable for the cultivation zone, while Teupin Sirui and Lhok Weing are suitable. The findings of this research indicate that location protection, accessibility, DO, and COD are limiting parameters for selecting a suitable location for lobster mariculture in Sabang waters.
Keywords:
Suitability analysis
Lobster farming
Sabang
GI
Utilization of Probiotics, Fermented Beverages, and Aspergillus niger in Drinking Water on Performance and Digestive Quality of Broilers (Gallus domesticus)
Full text linkProbiotics and Aspergillus niger are known to play a role in supporting poultry growth and improving digestive tract health. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of probiotics in the form of fermented drinks and A. niger in improving broiler chicken productivity and digestive tract health. The research was conducted at the LLP (Livestock Field Laboratory) of Syiah Kuala University, while the histological observations of the chicken intestinal villi surface were carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Structure and Development, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University. The method used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments (drinking water (control), antibiotic, 5% kefir, 5% Yakult, 2% A. niger) and 3 replications. The experimental animals used were broiler chickens from DOC to harvest age, with an initial average body weight of 5157 g, totalling 75 individuals reared for 4 weeks (30 days). The parameters measured included performance (body weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), defined as the ratio of feed required to produce one unit of body weight, and feed efficiency ratio [FER], defined as the ratio of body weight gain to feed intake), as well as histological features of the intestinal villi (height, apical width, basal width, and total surface area). Data were analysed using ANOVA at a 95% significance level, followed by Duncans multiple range test (P0.05). The results showed that the 5% kefir group (P2) had the best performance, with feed intake of 1294.25194.21 g/bird, feed conversion of 0.90330.13 g/bird, water intake of 4673.1769.06 ml/bird, body weight gain of 1792.2632.34 g/bird, and feed efficiency of 9.48670.74%. Histological analysis showed that the intestinal villi size was highest in the 5% kefir group (P2), with an average villi height of 969.9644.64 m, apical width of 110.9912.23 m, basal width of 106.9712.41 m, and total surface area of 1076.9354.26 m
Utilization of fermented coffee husk feed using Aspergilus niger on histological features of tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus)
Full text linkCoffee husk is one of the resources that has the potencial to be used as raw material for tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus) feed. The addition of Aspergillus niger in this study is known to increase the protein content of coffee husk from 15.99% to 21.75%. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving fermented coffee husk using Aspergillus niger on the histology of Tawes intestine. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments of coffee husk addition, namely 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, and 4 repetitions. The results showed that the addition of 30% fermented coffee husk into the feed produced the best intestinal histology picture with an average value of villi height of 243.21 40.02 m, basal width of 79.77 30.77 m and apical width of 69.09 14.61 m.Keywords:FermentationCoffee HuskBarbonymus gonionotusTawesAspergilus nige
Elevated temperatures increase chlorpyrifos toxicity in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae
Full text linkGlobal warming and the extensive use of chlorpyrifos pose serious threats to the hatching success, growth, and survival of Nile tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus). This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of chlorpyrifos toxicity and elevated temperatures on tilapia larvae. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with three temperature levels (28°C, 31°C, and 34°C) and two chlorpyrifos concentrations (0 µg/L and 32 µg/L), totaling six treatments with three replicates each. Parameters observed included hatching rate, daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), and malformation rate. Measurements were conducted daily from the first day of hatching until the end of the larval phase (Day 8). Results showed the highest hatching rate (85.33%) was achieved at 34°C without chlorpyrifos, while the lowest rate (20%) occurred at 28°C with chlorpyrifos exposure on Day 2. DGR and SGR significantly decreased at 34°C with chlorpyrifos exposure, reaching 0.0003 g/day and 3.73%/day, respectively, compared to 28°C without chlorpyrifos (0.0011 g/day and 10.78%/day). AGR remained stable across all temperatures, showing no significant differences with or without chlorpyrifos. The malformation rate, including abnormalities such as lordosis and kyphosis, increased with higher temperatures and chlorpyrifos exposure, with the highest rate (25%) recorded at 34°C with 32 µg/L chlorpyrifos
Keywords:
Chlorpyrifos
Nile Tilapia
Hatching Rate
Larval Growt
A comparative analysis of osteocranium morphology in Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) and Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskal, 1775) inhabiting different habitats
Full text linkThe snapper species Lutjanus gibbus (L. gibbus) is commonly found in coastal areas characterized by coral reefs and clear water, while Lutjanus johnii (L. johnii) resides in mangrove waters with murky conditions and strong currents. The habitat plays a crucial role in influencing body shape and ossification patterns in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the differences in the cranial bone morphology between the two Lutjanus fish species that resided in contrasting habitats. The fish samples were collected from local fishermen operating in the waters of Pulo Aceh, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Following capture, the fish were transported and landed at Lampulo Fishing Port in Banda Aceh for further analysis. For each species, a total of 5 fish samples were randomly selected, and thorough cleaning of scales and muscles was performed before the drying of the bones. These dried cranial bones were then photographed, edited, and subjected to detailed analysis. The study showed that, of the 23 observed skull bone characters, 15 characters showed the differences in the cranial bones of the two snapper species, including the pre-ethmoidal, ethmoidal lateralis, prefrontal, supraorbital, nasal, ethmoidal, sphenoticum, crista occipital, lacrimal, inter-opercular, opercular, preopercular premaxilla, endopterygoideum, and hyomandibular. Significant differences were observed in the bones composing the eyes, nose, jaws, and ventral region of the head. In the mangrove snapper (L. johnii), the bones associated with the eyes (orbitospenoidal, supraorbital, and prefrontal) were less developed, while those related to the nose (nasal, ethmoidal, ethmoidal lateralis, pre-ethmoidal) showed well-developed characteristics. The coral snapper L. gibbus displayed a relatively small but thicker premaxilla bone in the jaw region, along with smaller bones in the ventral head area.
Keywords:
Osteology
Morphology
Ecomorphology
Osteocranium
Maxillar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Characterization of potential probiotic in digestive tract of Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Full text linkProbiotics are beneficial microbes in living things that are useful for improving the balance of microbes in the digestive tract and have a positive influence on the physiology and healthiness of the host. This study aimed to obtain bacterial isolates that could be used as probiotics from striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and to characterize it macroscopically, microscopically, and biochemically. Isolation of probiotic bacteria was carried out using the spread plate method. The medium used to isolate probiotic bacteria was MRSA (De Man Rogose Sharpe Agar) medium. The probiotic test was carried out by hydrolysis of starch and casein. The diversity of bacterial morphology was observed based on macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical tests. A total of 2 probiotic bacteria (PIB 1 and PIB 2) were obtained. The characterization results showed that the two probiotic bacteria belonged to the Gram-positive bacteria, in the form of bacilli which had different colony morphology. The results of morphological and biochemical tests indicated that one bacterial isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus (PIB 1) and the other isolate belonged to the genus Lactobacillus (PIB 2)
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